Coffee Tour of the Mediterranean

About Lisbon

A naturally beautiful city which is surrounded by and set on seven steep hills (though some say eight!), Lisbon overlooks the Tagus River, the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. Characterized by its laid-back atmosphere, Lisbon is known for vibrant culture, history, and architecture as well as for its picture-perfect panoramas.

A naturally beautiful city which is surrounded by and set on seven steep hills (though some say eight!), Lisbon overlooks the Tagus River, the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. Characterized by its laid-back atmosphere, Lisbon is known for vibrant culture, history, and architecture as well as for its picture-perfect panoramas.

Lisbon’s neighborhoods are comprised of steep, narrow streets which accommodate its hilly landscape, and the city’s old-world trams and cable elevators connect them. Today, Lisbon is a city of approximately 546,000 residents and is part of a metropolis which comprises close to 3 million inhabitants. Because of Lisbon’s strategic location, it has, historically, been an important seaport for trade between northern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea. Originally known as “Olisspo” after Ulysses, one of the heroes of Greek mythology, its name was changed to “El Lisbon” by the Muslims in the 8th century. In 1147, Lisbon was conquered by the Christians and, in 1255, was declared the Portuguese capital. Lisbon’s glory came in the 15th and 16th centuries when it was the center for discovery expeditions to the New World. The Manuelin style of architecture, named after King Manuel I who financed spice trade between India and Africa, developed during this period. A large earthquake in the mid-18th century destroyed most of the buildings from that time, though there are two remaining Manueline style structures - the iconic, 16th century Belem Tower (Torre de Belem), originally built on the edge of the river to protect the city, and the Jeronimos Monastery. The monastery, which was badly damaged from the earthquake but survived, is covered with white marble and stone carvings which glorify Portugal’s pioneering maritime discoveries. Inside, there are tombs and sculptures of kings and two of Portugal’s greatest heroes, Vasco de Gama, the explorer, and Luis de Camoish, Portugal’s national poet. Both structures are now UNESCO World Heritage sites. The medieval Castelo De Sao Jorge fortress stands at the top of Alfama hill, the largest of the city’s seven hills. The castle is built on 5th century Visigoth foundations as well as 9th century Moorish foundations. In the 12th century, after capturing the city from the Moors, Alfonso Enrique added to the structure. From the castle, there is a spectacular view of the city, the river, and the enormous suspension bridge, the Ponte 25 de Abril. Another famous look-out point which offers spectacular views is Edward VII Park, named after Britain’s monarch who visited the city in 1903. It is the largest park in Lisbon and extends uphill from Marques de Pombal Square to an open pavilion at the top. Alfama is the heart and soul of Lisbon - a neighborhood dating back to medieval times with a maze of cobbled alleys, hidden courtyards, charming squares, and houses with colorful tiles and iron-railed balconies. It is located at the foot of the castle and is a fun place for a stroll as well as to enjoy the city’s many fado restaurants which serve local specialties and offer fado-style music. The Terreiro do Paco (also known as Praca do Comercio), is located on the riverfront, and is known as one of the most important squares in Lisbon. It served as the royal palace for two centuries prior to being destroyed by the 1755 earthquake. Today, it is a pedestrian square from which you can reach the Tagus River. The Chiado and Bairro Alto districts are two archetypal Lisbon neighborhoods. Chiado is trendy with its celebrated cafes, bookshops, boutiques, and theaters, including Lisbon’s opera house. Bairro Alto is the center of the city’s nightlife with its many pubs, clubs, and bars. The LUX club is one of Lisbon’s most famed nightclubs and, with its total capacity of over 3000, has been a favorite spot of the rich and famous. Actor John Malkovich, who shot a movie in Portugal and fell in love with the club, is now a partial owner. The famous restaurant, Bica do Sapato (“the tip of the shoe”), is located adjacent to the club. Luis de Camoish Square, named after the national poet, connects the two districts. Avenida Da Liberdade, the "Portuguese Champs-Elysées,” is a wide boulevard with tall trees and dozens of statues lining it as well as an Egyptian pillar dedicated to Portugal’s independence. The business center of Lisbon, the street is also lined with hotels, banks, cinemas, and international brand stores. Further down the boulevard is Rossio Square with its statue of Dom Pedro IV (who was both the King of Portugal and the Emperor of Brazil) and 2 French- style fountains. Lisbon is home to world-class museums. The Museu Caloute Gulbenkain is located in a lush park and is one of the city’s gems. Much of the museum’s collection came from a wealthy Armenian oil magnate, Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian, who endowed his vast, outstanding private art collection to Portugal before he died in 1955. The National Museum of Ancient Art is Portugal’s national gallery which houses a large collection of 15th and 16th century paintings, as well as Oriental, European, and African art. The National Tile Museum, Museu Nacional do Azulejo, houses a unique collection of decorative tiles, known as azulejos, and it traces tile-making from its Moorish and Spanish influences through the rise of Portugal’s unique style. The MAAT - Museum of Art, Architecture, and Technology - which is housed in a converted power station on the waterfront, is an outstanding new cultural center in Lisbon. The 12th century Lisbon Cathedral, located near the Alfama district, is Lisbon’s oldest and most famous church. Originally a Romanesque cathedral, the structure was destroyed in the earthquake and today it blends architectural styles. Its two bell towers are a beautiful part of the city’s skyline. The Padrão dos Descobrimentos, the Monument of the Discoveries, is located on the banks of the Tagus River estuary– the place from which ships departed for maritime discovery voyages. Designed by 2 Portuguese architects, it is a massive structure in the shape of the prow of a ship which celebrates the Portuguese explorers who established the country’s seafaring prominence. In the interior of the 170-foot high tower, there is an exhibition about the history of Lisbon, and the monument’s viewing platform offers spectacular views. The 1988 World’s Fair Expo was held in Lisbon, and the entire eastern part along the river was renovated and became a showcase for the city’s new and modern architecture. There is a new complex called Park of the Nations (Parquet das Nacoes) which includes the Oriente train station and the Vasco de Gama shopping mall. There are two large towers designed as a giant sail, and the Oceanarium is a huge, popular aquarium with over 8000 sea animals. A train transports visitors between attractions. The village of Sintra is a 30 minute train ride from Lisbon and is a not-to-be-missed day trip. Sintra was a royal resort, and it is home to extraordinary palaces, a Moorish castle, a semi tropical garden, and scenic views. With its combination of captivating tradition and modern touches, Lisbon is a popular destination – and city that many tourists long to return to! 

About Valencia

It is a bustling and prosperous port city and the capital of a fertile agricultural area, a thriving industrial center with metal, furniture, and paper factories, and a large export hub for citrus fruits, vegetables, and wine. It is also home to some of Spain’s best beaches and provides a unique mix of culture, history, and fun in the sun.

It is a bustling and prosperous port city and the capital of a fertile agricultural area, a thriving industrial center with metal, furniture, and paper factories, and a large export hub for citrus fruits, vegetables, and wine. It is also home to some of Spain’s best beaches and provides a unique mix of culture, history, and fun in the sun.

Valencia is a city that has everything and seamlessly blends modern and traditional cultural experiences- spectacular and diverse architecture, ancient buildings, squares, palaces, picturesque alleys, markets, cafes, bars, vintage shops, and magic corners. While its old town is full of historic landmarks, the modern city which surrounds it has magnificent boulevards and elegant shopping centers. The architecturally futuristic complex, the City of Science and Arts, is located in the center of the city and houses the most impressive structures in Valencia, including the opera house, science museum, and planetarium. The complex was designed by Santiago Calatrava, a native of Valencia, and Felix Candela from Madrid. The Old Town of Valencia (Ciutat Vella) is a maze of picturesque alleys, narrow pedestrian streets studded with statues, palaces, churches, and ancient towers, many of which are relics of the city’s history. Valencia was founded as a Roman colony in 138 BC and was ruled by the Muslims starting in the 8th century. The Christians conquered the area in the 13th century, and the city became the capital of the Kingdom of Valencia. Valencia’s Town Hall Square, the beautiful Plaza del Ayuntamiento, is a vibrant open center lined with statues, fountains, and carpets of flowers. The 18th century Town Hall building, for which the square is named, is an impressive structure which houses a local history museum. Originally serving as a monastery, this 18th century town hall is an impressive example of traditional Spanish architecture. The Palacio de las Comunicaciones (Palace of Communications) is Valencia’s historic mail service building. Located near the square is the famous Central Market (Mercado Central), a modern building with a spectacular architectural design that combines stone, metal, and glass. A huge market with over 1000 stalls, this is a foodie’s paradise which offers a wide assortment of traditional Valencian cuisine, fresh seafood, and local produce. The Fallas Festival is Valencia’s most famous festival, and it takes place annually in mid-March, featuring massive sculptures, parades, and fireworks. During the festival, several hundred 50-foot sculptures (“fallas”) made of paper, usually designed as satirical figures of local politicians and celebrities, are burned in huge bonfires in the squares. The Valencia Cathedral, dating back to the 14th-15th centuries, combines Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque styles, and the Miguelete Tower, the bell tower of the cathedral, offers a wonderful view of the city extending out to the sea. The Lonja de la Seda (the Silk Exchanges) dates back to the 15th century and is built in late Gothic style with a magnificent colonnaded hall. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is used today for exhibitions and events. Valencia’s main rain station, called Estacio Nord, is located in the center of the Old Town. It is an impressive building, an outstanding example of the Valencian Art Nouveau, with mosaics and unusual wall paintings – as well as a major transport hub in the city. For nature lovers, don’t miss Oceanografic, Europe’s largest marine park, and Albufera Natural Park, a beautiful nature reserve located close to Valencia, with boat tours of the wildlife. All this, and kilometers of lively, golden sand bathing beaches, are what make Valencia one of Spain's holiday destinations.

About Barcelona

This lively, exciting metropolis, set on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, is renowned for its exceptional architecture, rich cultural heritage, delicious cuisine, stunning beaches, and fascinating history. It is said that a secret of Barcelona's charm lies in the fact that its tourist sites are an integral part of its residents’ daily life.

This lively, exciting metropolis, set on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, is renowned for its exceptional architecture, rich cultural heritage, delicious cuisine, stunning beaches, and fascinating history. It is said that a secret of Barcelona's charm lies in the fact that its tourist sites are an integral part of its residents’ daily life.

Barcelona is not only the capital city of the autonomous community of Catalonia and the second largest city in Spain, but a leading international city, having major influence on global commerce, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science, and the arts. It is an important cultural center, blending modernity and tradition. The city’s most famous landmarks include the architectural works of Antoni Gaudi and Lluis Domenech i Montaner, which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The center of the city and its heart is Placa de Catalunya, a charming square with statues and fountains, shops and boutiques, cafes and restaurants. La Rambla, a bustling boulevard that connects Placa de Catalunya to the ocean, extends from the square. Also extending from the square is one of the city’s most prestigious boulevards, the Passeig de Gracie, where two of Gaudi’s iconic houses are located, the Casa Batllo and the Casa Mila- also known as La Padrera. One of Barcelona’s main highlights is the Church of the Holy Family - La Sagrada Familia – which was designed by Antonio Gaudi and to which he devoted much of his life. The church, which began construction in 1882 and is still not finished, is one of the city's most exciting and awe-inspiring sites. Not far from the church, at the end of Gaudi Avenue, is the Sant Pau Hospital, one of Lluis Domenech I Montaner’s most important architectural works. It is a large complex in which the buildings fit together harmoniously and are surrounded by magnificent gardens. The city’s Gothic Quarter, which dates back to the Middle Ages, is considered the historic heart of the city, and there are numerous city landmarks located within its narrow streets. The Sinagoga Major de Barcelona, which was the main synagogue in the Jewish neighborhood until the expulsion of the Jews in 1492, still remains, as does the 14th-15th century Barcelona Cathedral, an impressive Gothic cathedral and the seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona, Catalonia. The historic palace, Palau de la Generalitat, is also found here and continues to function as the seat of the Government of Catalonia and the Presidency of the Generalitat. The 14th century Ajuntament City Hall building is another landmark in the Quarter. The Picasso Museum is housed in one of the Gothic Quarter’s elegant mansions, and the Palau de la Musica Catalana is a magnificent concert hall designed in Catalan modernista style by Lluis Domenech I Montaner in the early 20th century. There is a mountain overlooking the city known as Montjuic, the Jewish Mountain, a name derived from the medieval Jewish cemetery that is found there. Situated on the mountain is the National Palace, an enormous Italian-style building built in 1929, which today houses the National Art Museum of Catalonia as well as the Olympic Stadium and the Pueblo Espanyol tourist complex. Also located here is the Joan Miro Museum, a museum of modern art dedicated to the famous Catalan artist who initiated its establishment of the museum and donated many of her works. Just beneath Monjuic, you’ll find Placa de Espana, Barcelona’s largest square. The square had once been used as an entrance gate to the museum and today is a center for fairs and exhibits. The Font Magica provides fun entertainment in the evening as the illuminated fountain shoots jets of water, which change shape and color, 164 feet high – all accompanied by great music. Barcelona is also home to some outstanding parks. In the center of the city is the Parc De La Ciutadella, a green oasis with a large central fountain, statues, and an artificial lake with row boats. On the park’s grounds you’ll also find the zoo, the Catalan Parliament building which today houses the Modern Art Museum, the Museum of Natural Sciences, and the Cascada, a large triumphal arch. Park Guell, located in the García district atop a hill, is one of the city's most intriguing sites and a unique example of creative environmental design. Originally intended as a private residential area with 60 single-family homes, the project was unsuccessful, and it became municipal property in 1923. Though not complete, it is one of Antonio Gaudi's best-known and most imaginative works. The buildings are coated with colorful ceramic fragments whose combination throughout the garden creates a mosaic of shapes. Along the beautiful stairway at the entrance gate, you’ll see one of the park’s most famous features: the huge, mythological dragon– or salamander. At the top of the stairs is La Placa, a square with a colorful, rolling bench covered with ceramic fragments and spectacular views of the city. Tibidabo is the highest hill in the Serra de Collserola, and, at its peak, is the Sagrat Cor Church. Adjacent to it is the Tibidabo Amusement Park, a historic theme park with modern attractions, events, shows, and panoramic views. Camp Nou is the largest soccer stadium in Europe and the home field of FC Barcelona. It includes a museum and a visitor’s center. Markets are another important feature of life in Barcelona and a great place to feel the city’s vibe. The 13th century Boqueria Market, located off the famous Rambla and a popular tourist destination, is filled with the sites, smells, and sounds of a bustling city market. In addition to fresh, delicious produce, you’ll find fresh fish, cheeses, juices, Catalan sausages, and other local delicacies – as well as numerous bars and restaurants. The San Antonio Market located in the Eixampla area is one of the largest in Barcelona, combining stalls, restaurants, and bars alongside clothes, books, and stamps for collectors. The Encants flea market is one of the oldest in Europe, dating back to the 13th century, and a place to find diverse and unique art, crafts, gifts, fashion, and more. Not far from Catalonia Square is El Nacional, a charming restaurant complex where you’ll find many traditional dishes from the Iberian Peninsula. Established in 1870 as a theater, the building served other purposes before undergoing a massive renovation and opening in 2013 as a luxurious and well-designed entertainment complex in the heart of the city. And there’s more – Barcelona is also home to shopping centers, an extensive and delectable restaurant scene, and a vibrant night life. To sum up, Barcelona – an innovative, cosmopolitan city with a Mediterranean flair- shouldn’t be missed!

About Rome

About 2,000 years ago, during the peak of the Roman Empire, the Romans paved an extensive network of roads spanning approximately 50,000 miles. These roads, originating from Rome, the heart of the Empire, became the origin of the famous saying, "All roads lead to Rome."

About 2,000 years ago, during the peak of the Roman Empire, the Romans paved an extensive network of roads spanning approximately 50,000 miles. These roads, originating from Rome, the heart of the Empire, became the origin of the famous saying, "All roads lead to Rome."

Rome, often referred to as the "Eternal City," has maintained its allure as a global tourist destination. Its attractions include a wealth of iconic historical remnants, awe-inspiring architecture, churches and temples of grandeur, internationally acclaimed art and museums, charming squares and winding streets, bustling shopping districts, diverse culinary hubs, and an enchanting atmosphere. Nestled within the city lies the Vatican State, often regarded as its spiritual nucleus. The official appellation of the city, S.P.Q.R, stands for Senātus Populus Que Rōmānus, symbolizing the Roman Senate and People. A visit to the ancient section of Rome, encompassing the Roman Forum and the Coliseum, offers a captivating glimpse into the remnants of the Empire's glorious past. The Colosseum, once known as the "amphitheater of the plebeians," stands proudly on one side. Its oval structure had the remarkable capacity to accommodate up to 80,000 spectators and served as the venue for thrilling gladiator battles and captivating hunting and entertainment shows. Beneath the Colosseum lies the Underground Hypogeum, an intricate system of rooms that provided living quarters for the gladiators and served as confinement for dangerous beasts, such as lions. Contestants entered the arena via elevators, and the arena itself could be transformed into a water-filled stage for spectacular marine exhibitions, courtesy of the Aqueduct Claudia water carrier. The emperors entered the arena discreetly through a concealed underground passage from their residence on the Palatine Hill. Today, defacing the walls and stones in Rome is a serious criminal offense, but the etched graffiti from Rome’s heyday 2000 years ago has become a valuable resource for researchers, shedding light on the lives of the participants, prisoners, and gladiators who once dwelled within its historic walls. The "Forum Romanum," which was the political, commercial, and social center of the city for hundreds of years, extends from the Colosseum for about 820 feet. The forum is home to several historical buildings, including the Constantine Gate, the Titus Gate, the Severus Septimius Gate, the Settimo Severo temples, basilicas, the market, and the Curia Lulia that was the seat of the Roman Saint. A few steps to the north, in the outer part of the forum, there is a smaller forum - Trajan’s Forum- that contains Trajan’s Column. The triumphal column, standing tall at close to 100 feet, has a long spiral relief that commemorates the victories of Roman Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century Dacian Wars. Napoleon Bonaparte copied Trajan's column to describe his own victories, and it stands in Place Vendome in the heart of Paris. Piazza Venezia earned its name from the Venetian embassy that operated there until the early 20th century. The embassy building, adorned with the emblem of Venice—a winged lion - has been transformed into a museum. Dominating the square's center is the grand Vittoriano, a significant symbol in Italy's unification history, featuring the mounted statue of Vittorio Emanuele II. Within this memorial complex lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. An elevator ride up to the balcony treats visitors to a splendid view of the city and the bustling Via del Corso, which stretches from Piazza Venezia to Piazza del Popolo. To the west of Via del Corso lie the Pantheon and Piazza Navona, while to the east lies the enchanting "wishing fountain," the Fontana di Trevi. Visitors toss coins over their shoulders into the fountain with the hope of returning to Rome one day. Just a short stroll away are the iconic Spanish Steps, adorned with Bernini's boat statue, and the upscale shopping street – the Via Dei Condotti. Starting from Piazza del Popolo, a majestic staircase leads up to a vantage point offering a spectacular view of the remarkable square. From there, you can also access the Borghese Gardens, home to the renowned Galleria Borghese (make sure to book tickets in advance). Inside the museum lies an extraordinary collection of masterpieces from the Renaissance and Baroque periods, a true treasure trove for art enthusiasts. The Vatican City, along with its awe-inspiring Basilica and Vatican Museums, is a magnet for millions of tourists and believers each year. Saint Peter's Basilica, the world's largest Catholic church, stands as a popular pilgrimage site. The basilica's magnificent architecture, highlighted by Michelangelo's iconic dome and breathtaking works of art like Bernini's Baldacchino, are awe-inspiring. The Vatican Museum houses an extensive collection of plastic and decorative arts spanning various historical eras. The most renowned is undoubtedly Michelangelo's masterpiece "Creation of Man," adorning the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Alongside it, there are other outstanding artworks like Raphael's "The School of Athens" and the mythological sculpture "Laocoön and His Sons." A visit to the Vatican is truly a journey through the peak of artistic and religious heritage. Wandering along the city’s charming cobbled streets, enchanting squares, and romantic alleys you will be immersed in Rome’ unique atmosphere. As evening falls, both tourists and locals flock to the Trastevere area, drawn by its many restaurants and delightful culinary experiences. While you’re there, don’t miss a visit to the beautiful Santa Maria church, which adds to the charm of the neighborhood. Make your way to the Belvedere Del Giancolo observation deck for an unforgettable sunset experience, where you'll be treated to a breathtaking view of the cityscape. This article provides just a glimpse of the countless wonderful sites that Rome has to offer. Between sites, you’ll have the opportunity to indulge in the delights of Italian cuisine, making Rome a paradise for food lovers. From authentic pastas to mouthwatering pizzas, superb coffee, and delightful Italian gelato, be sure to savor the outstanding Roman cuisine. Rome's charm extends beyond its historical sites to encompass the delectable culinary delights and enchanting ambiance that graces every nook and cranny of the city.

About Naples

Naples is the capital of the Campania region and the third largest city in Italy after Rome and Milan. Naples was founded in the 9th century BC by Greek sailors who gave it the name "Neopolis" meaning “New City.” Throughout the centuries, the city grew and became a magnificent cultural center, considered to be one of the most beautiful in the world. However, local mafia, the Camorra, caused corruption of the municipal government and the city deteriorated, becoming poor and dirty.In spite of everything, Naples is fascinating, perhaps precisely because of the blend of poverty and neglect with the splendor of past royalty and the many rulers who left their mark on the city's.

Naples is the capital of the Campania region and the third largest city in Italy after Rome and Milan. Naples was founded in the 9th century BC by Greek sailors who gave it the name "Neopolis" meaning “New City.” Throughout the centuries, the city grew and became a magnificent cultural center, considered to be one of the most beautiful in the world. However, local mafia, the Camorra, caused corruption of the municipal government and the city deteriorated, becoming poor and dirty.In spite of everything, Naples is fascinating, perhaps precisely because of the blend of poverty and neglect with the splendor of past royalty and the many rulers who left their mark on the city's.

There are still 3 impressive fortresses left standing: Castel Del Uno and Castel Nuovo, which stand at the openings to the sea like formidable bodyguards, and Castel Sant'Elmo, which watches over the city from above. There is a gallery named for King Umberto I which was built as a shopping center in the glorious architectural style typical of the 19th century. Today it is quite neglected and is home to several local shops and cafes. On the other side of the street, in front of the gallery, is the San Carlo theater building, the Neapolitan opera house that was a serious challenger of the La Scala opera in Milan. It even won the competition both for its beauty and its era. Following a long period of closure and extensive renovations, the San Carlo theatre has reopened to the general public, and it is definitely worthwhile to visit. The Duomo (Cathedral) of Naples is named after the city's patron saint, Gennaro Patrona. Residents of the city gather there three times a year to witness the miracle of how the coagulated blood of the saint, which is found in a special glass vessel, turns into liquid. This is the sign to the residents of the city that the saint is still with them, watching over them. The Royal Palace of Naples takes up an entire street and ends at Piazza Flavicito, a huge square that was neglected for many years and had even been used as an overnight parking lot for public buses. The square has been renovated, and today you can once again stroll there, enjoying its size and grandeur. At the end of the square is the famous historic café, "Gambrinus," which was host to writers and intellectuals such as Emile Zola, Oscar Wilde, and Ernest Hemingway and still offers its outstanding coffee... You’ll exit the café on Via Toledo, the bustling pedestrian street filled with shops and international brands. One of the alleys branching off Via Toledo is the gateway to the Spanish Quarter. Originally a closed military residence, the area became home to prostitution and crime over the years. Recent renovations in the quarter succeeded in both cleaning it up and maintaining its authenticity, and it has become a pleasant area for both residents and tourists. It is worthwhile visiting the Spanish Quarter if only to see the "temple" that the residents built there in memory of Diego Maradona, the star of the local soccer team who became an idol after the team's successes during this period. Spaccanapoli, the most visited street in the city, traverses the city in two, hence its name which means, literally, “Naples splitter.” Branching off from the Spaccanapoli are alleys that lead to several other sites, such as the National Museum of Archaeology, which is considered one of the most beautiful museums in Italy. It’s recommended to visit Naples in the transition seasons - from March to May and September/October - when the weather is mild and dry and it is off-peak time for tourists. In the summer, you’ll find large crowds as well as hot and humid weather, and the winter months can be rainy.

About Izmir

Izmir is a metropolitan city in the western extremity of Anatolia and the third most populous city in Turkey. The ancient city was known as Smyrna and the city was generally referred to as Smyrna in English, until the Turkish Postal Service Law made "Izmir" the internationally recognized name. Izmir has almost 4,000 years of recorded urban history and possibly even longer as an advanced human settlement. Its main sights include Agora Open Air Museum, the St. Polycarp Church, the Kus Cenneti bird sanctuary, the Coskun Lunapark, the Hisar and Fatih Mosques, and much more.

Izmir is a metropolitan city in the western extremity of Anatolia and the third most populous city in Turkey. The ancient city was known as Smyrna and the city was generally referred to as Smyrna in English, until the Turkish Postal Service Law made "Izmir" the internationally recognized name. Izmir has almost 4,000 years of recorded urban history and possibly even longer as an advanced human settlement. Its main sights include Agora Open Air Museum, the St. Polycarp Church, the Kus Cenneti bird sanctuary, the Coskun Lunapark, the Hisar and Fatih Mosques, and much more.

About Istanbul

Istanbul is an alluring cultural melting pot that spans continents and an unforgettable tourist destination. Turkey’s largest metropolis, Istanbul offers a perfect balance between ancient history, cultural diversity, delightful cuisine, colorful bazaars and markets, and breathtaking sights. 

Istanbul is an alluring cultural melting pot that spans continents and an unforgettable tourist destination. Turkey’s largest metropolis, Istanbul offers a perfect balance between ancient history, cultural diversity, delightful cuisine, colorful bazaars and markets, and breathtaking sights. 

Istanbul takes pride in an extraordinary history dating back over 2,500 years. Once the former capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, the city boasts iconic landmarks such as the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and Topkapi Palace, and, if you’re looking for outstanding gastronomy, Turkish cuisine is the crowning jewel of any trip to Istanbul. Allow yourself to indulge in its delightful array of tempting flavors! Here is a rundown of the most outstanding sites and attractions in Istanbul: Hagia Sophia is a fascinating attraction with a rich history. It was originally built as a Greek Orthodox basilica - the Church of the Holy Wisdom – but following the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the sultan converted the basilica into a mosque. The building is renowned for its architectural marvels, incorporating domes, massive arches, and numerous decorative elements from both the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. Hagia Sophia is shrouded in mystique, and it is considered one of the "Wonders of the Eighth Century." After serving as a museum for many years, it is now open to visitors as a mosque. The Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque) is a stunning example of Istanbul’s most iconic Ottoman architecture. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the city’s leading tourist attractions. Commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, the mosque opened in 1616, and its nickname - the Blue Mosque- comes from the blue ceramic tiles adorning its interior. Among its outstanding features are its spacious courtyard, six minarets, unique windows, grand dome, and intricately designed interior featuring Iznik tiles - colorful ceramic works originating from the city of Iznik. The surrounding Sultan Ahmed Square is also rich in history and includes additional cultural landmarks such as the German Fountain and the Hippodrome. The mosque is active, so be aware of prayer times when planning your visit! Topkapi Palace served as the administrative and educational center of the Ottoman Empire for close to 400 years, and it was the residence of several sultans, including Sultan Mehmet II and Sultan Abdulmejid. The palace, which resembles an open-air museum, is about 3,229,173 square feet, making it one of the largest palace museums in the world. The mystical corridors of the harem wing offer a glimpse into its secret and intriguing world. There are magnificent rooms, lush courtyards, an extraordinary collection of valuable objects, and a collection of armor and weapons including the Topkapi Dagger and the giant 86-karat Spoonmaker's Diamond. The Grand Bazaar is Istanbul's largest bazaar and a unique cultural and historical hub. The bazaar was built in 1461 after Sultan Mehmet II conquered the city, and it was the first of its kind. The Grand Bazaar has preserved its original atmosphere, enabling visitors to experience authentic Ottoman atmosphere alongside the city’s modern shopping centers. The bazaar is vast with over 4,000 stalls, and each area specializes in specific types of goods including textiles, food, spices, clothing, jewelry, and souvenirs. The streets are named accordingly for the type of goods it offers. Guided walking tours of both the bazaar and the nearby Spice Market are available.  The Bosphorus Cruise is an unforgettable experience, offering a fascinating boat journey to discover the most magnificent landmarks on the Asian and European borders of the country. The cruise offers breathtaking views of sprawling mansions, imperial palaces, and elegant buildings against the backdrop of the lush shores along the Bosphorus, which shimmer in deep blue hues.   The Spice Bazaar, also known as the Egyptian Bazaar, is located behind the New Mosque in Eminonu Square. It was built as part of the mosque complex in 1660, funded by Turhan Hatice Sultan through taxes on imported Egyptian goods. The bazaar acquired its name from the spices that arrived from Egypt and were primarily sold here. The bazaar features close to 100 shops, mainly traditional spice merchants. The Basilica Cistern lies hidden beneath the buildings and houses of Istanbul's historic peninsula, concealing an underground world of subterranean water reservoirs that once supplied water to the city. The Basilica Cistern is located west of the Hagia Sophia, and it boasts an impressive capacity of 80,000 cubic meters of water as well as softly illuminated columns. There are guided tours of the cistern which lead visitors through its hidden locations – think of the movies "From Russia with Love," starring Sean Connery, and "Inferno" by Dan Brown, starring Tom Hanks which added fame to these concealed gems. The Galata Tower is a historically significant structure that has survived from Istanbul's Genoese settlement. Originally built in the 14th century, it stands tall at the head of Galata's walls, and it offers a splendid view over the Golden Horn from its balcony. Over the years, the tower has undergone multiple restorations. Its location and presence have made it an important and unforgettable landmark that blends well with the city's architectural texture- narrow streets with cobblestone pavements, charming boutiques, and cafes. Located on the southern shore of the Bosphorus in the Beşiktaş district, the mid 19th century Dolmabahçe Palace served as the residence for the last six Ottoman Sultans. It is the largest palace in Turkey and one of the grandest in the world, spanning an impressive area of approximately 484,376 square feet. The palace’s architectural style is heavily influenced by European designs, including elements of Baroque, Rococo, and Neo-Classical styles. After the passing of Atatürk, the palace was converted into a museum, though it is still the venue for official state events. İstiklal Caddesi (Istiklal Avenue) is a renowned and vibrant boulevard that extends from Taksim Square to the Galata Tower in the Beyoğlu district. The street is significant culturally, historically, and commercially, blending architectural styles. It is lined with shops, restaurants, cafes, and numerous theaters as well as street performances and festivals. The historic tram adds to the street’s charm. The Süleymaniye Mosque, also known as Suleiman the Magnificent Mosque, is one of the most magnificent imperial mosques in Istanbul and Turkey. It was commissioned by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in the middle of the 16th century at the height of the Ottoman Empire and was designed by the renowned architect Sinan. The mosque is part of a complex that includes a library, an educational institute, tombs, a hospital, and a hospice for the city's poor. The Suleymaniye Hamam, designed and built by the famous Ottoman architect Sinan in the 16th century, is known for its architectural masterpieces. Upon arrival, visitors receive clothing and towels, and the experience begins with relaxation in the hot room on heated marble slabs, helping the body sweat and release toxins. If it gets too hot, you can cool down with water or temporarily move to the cool room. Afterward, a team of experts (for men only) provides a full-body scrub followed by a soap massage and complete body rinsing. After the treatment, you can relax and unwind in the cooling room. Istanbul is also home to additional outstanding museums: The Archaeological Museums of Istanbul (İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri) consist of three museums: the Archaeological Museum, the Museum of the Ancient Orient, and the Tiled Kiosk Museum, which houses an extensive collection of artifacts from various ancient civilizations. The Chora Museum (Kariye Museum), originally a Byzantine church, boasts stunning Byzantine mosaics and wall paintings. The Istanbul Modern Art Museum (Istanbul Modern Sanat Müzesi) presents works by Turkish artists from the 20th century and beyond. The Rahmi M. Koç Museum is a unique museum that showcases an impressive collection of historical industrial artifacts, transportation vehicles, and maritime items. The Pera Museum, located in Beyoğlu, displays a wide range of art, including Oriental paintings, Anatolian weights, and contemporary art exhibitions. The Sakıp Sabancı Museum is situated on a picturesque estate on the Bosphorus, and it presents a collection of Ottoman calligraphy, paintings, and decorative arts. The Istanbul Maritime Museum (Deniz Müzesi) is located in Beşiktaş, and it displays a comprehensive collection of maritime artifacts, including ships, weapons, and navigation devices. The Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum (Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi) is situated in the İbrahim Paşa Palace, and it offers a rich collection of Islamic calligraphy, ceramics, carpets, and textiles. Additional recommended markets: The Kadıköy Market is located on the Asian side of Istanbul, and it offers a wide array of fresh produce, seafood, cheeses, olives, and street food. It is a lively and authentic local market, giving a glimpse into the daily life of the locals in Istanbul. The Arasta Bazaar is situated near the Blue Mosque.  It is a smaller and quieter market compared than the Grand Bazaar, offering a charming selection of Turkish carpets, textiles, handicrafts, and souvenirs. Sahaflar Çarşısı (the Secondhand Book Market) is a must-visit for book lovers and collectors. The market is filled with vendors selling new and secondhand books, old maps, prints, and calligraphy. Çiçek Pasajı (the Flower Passage) was originally built in the 19th century as a flower market and is now a covered arcade lined with restaurants, bars, and shops. It is a wonderful place to enjoy a meal or a drink in a historic setting. The Çarşamba Market takes place on Wednesdays in the Fatih district. It is a local bazaar where you can experience a more authentic and traditional side of Istanbul, and you’ll find fresh produce, textiles, clothing, and household items. The Feriköy Organic Market is open on Sundays and sells organic and locally sourced products. It is a great place to taste organic food, purchase fresh fruits and vegetables, and support local farmers. The Mahmutpaşa Bazaar is located near the Grand Bazaar. Popular among tourists, it is a bustling and colorful market with an impressive array of clothing, textiles, and accessories at reasonable prices.  The Feriköy Flea Market takes place on Sundays in the Feriköy neighborhood, and it is a treasure trove for vintage enthusiasts. The market has antiques, retro furniture, vintage clothing, old books, and collectibles. The Bomonti Flea Market takes place on Saturdays and Sundays, offering a mix of vintage and secondhand items. From clothing and accessories to vinyl records, toys, and home decor, it is the place to find rare items. The Çukurcuma Antique Market is an antique quarter in Istanbul with numerous antique shops and boutiques. Though not a traditional market, its streets are filled with vintage furniture, art, ceramics, and other unique collectibles. Balat Flea Market is a small flea market, open on Sundays, located in the colorful Balat neighborhood. You can stroll through vendors selling various items, including clothing, books, vinyl records, and household items. The Horhor Antique Market is primarily an antique market, but it also offers new items. You can test your bargaining skills on antiques, vintage products, and collectibles. Food and Cuisine: Here are some not-to-be-missed Turkish specialties! From succulent shish kebabs to flavorful Adana kebabs, Istanbul is renowned for its grilled meat dishes. Try the popular İskender kebab, made with thinly sliced meat served over a bed of pita and topped with tomato sauce and melted butter. Dolma is a popular Turkish dish served as an appetizer or main course. The word "dolma" means "stuffed," and it usually consists of vegetables or grape leaves filled with a tasty mixture of rice, minced meat, herbs, and spices. Start your day with a traditional Turkish breakfast (Kahvaltı), featuring an assortment of cheeses, olives, tomatoes, cucumbers, bread, honey, jams, and eggs. Menemen, a delicious dish made with scrambled eggs, tomatoes, peppers, and spices, is a Turkish breakfast favorite. A beloved Turkish dessert, baklava is made of thin layers of phyllo dough filled with chopped nuts and sweet syrup or honey, then baked until golden and crispy. Known for its rich, nutty flavor and sweet, sticky texture, baklava is often topped with powdered sugar or cinnamon. Head to the Eminönü or Karaköy districts and enjoy Balık ekmek, a fish sandwich made with fresh fish, onions, and lettuce, served in crispy bread. Try different flavors of Turkish delight (Lokum), delightful sweets made from sugar, starch, and flavorings like rosewater, pomegranate, or pistachio. Experience the traditional method of preparing and serving Turkish coffee. This rich and strong coffee is typically accompanied by a small glass of water. Sometimes called "Turkish pizza," lahmacun is a thin, crispy flatbread topped with minced meat, onions, tomatoes, and spices, and it is a popular street food. As you wander the streets of Istanbul, taste simit, a round sesame bread often enjoyed with a glass of Turkish tea. Small appetizers or side dishes, known as meze, include offerings such as stuffed grape leaves (Dolma), eggplant dishes, and yogurt-based dips. Enjoy Turkish ice cream, dondurma, with its unique texture and various flavors. Take a break during your city tour and savor a cup of traditional Turkish black tea (cay), served in colorful traditional glasses. Similar to pizza, pide is a boat-shaped flatbread topped with various ingredients such as minced meat, cheese, vegetables, or eggs. Istanbul, a dynamic city where history and culture seamlessly blend with modernity and vibrant energy, boasts a rich tapestry of experiences for travelers. Whether you’re drawn to its historic sites, bustling markets, or culinary delights, Istanbul promises an unforgettable journey through time and culture.