Best Christmas Markets Route

About Rome

About 2,000 years ago, during the peak of the Roman Empire, the Romans paved an extensive network of roads spanning approximately 50,000 miles. These roads, originating from Rome, the heart of the Empire, became the origin of the famous saying, "All roads lead to Rome."

About 2,000 years ago, during the peak of the Roman Empire, the Romans paved an extensive network of roads spanning approximately 50,000 miles. These roads, originating from Rome, the heart of the Empire, became the origin of the famous saying, "All roads lead to Rome."

Rome, often referred to as the "Eternal City," has maintained its allure as a global tourist destination. Its attractions include a wealth of iconic historical remnants, awe-inspiring architecture, churches and temples of grandeur, internationally acclaimed art and museums, charming squares and winding streets, bustling shopping districts, diverse culinary hubs, and an enchanting atmosphere. Nestled within the city lies the Vatican State, often regarded as its spiritual nucleus. The official appellation of the city, S.P.Q.R, stands for Senātus Populus Que Rōmānus, symbolizing the Roman Senate and People. A visit to the ancient section of Rome, encompassing the Roman Forum and the Coliseum, offers a captivating glimpse into the remnants of the Empire's glorious past. The Colosseum, once known as the "amphitheater of the plebeians," stands proudly on one side. Its oval structure had the remarkable capacity to accommodate up to 80,000 spectators and served as the venue for thrilling gladiator battles and captivating hunting and entertainment shows. Beneath the Colosseum lies the Underground Hypogeum, an intricate system of rooms that provided living quarters for the gladiators and served as confinement for dangerous beasts, such as lions. Contestants entered the arena via elevators, and the arena itself could be transformed into a water-filled stage for spectacular marine exhibitions, courtesy of the Aqueduct Claudia water carrier. The emperors entered the arena discreetly through a concealed underground passage from their residence on the Palatine Hill. Today, defacing the walls and stones in Rome is a serious criminal offense, but the etched graffiti from Rome’s heyday 2000 years ago has become a valuable resource for researchers, shedding light on the lives of the participants, prisoners, and gladiators who once dwelled within its historic walls. The "Forum Romanum," which was the political, commercial, and social center of the city for hundreds of years, extends from the Colosseum for about 820 feet. The forum is home to several historical buildings, including the Constantine Gate, the Titus Gate, the Severus Septimius Gate, the Settimo Severo temples, basilicas, the market, and the Curia Lulia that was the seat of the Roman Saint. A few steps to the north, in the outer part of the forum, there is a smaller forum - Trajan’s Forum- that contains Trajan’s Column. The triumphal column, standing tall at close to 100 feet, has a long spiral relief that commemorates the victories of Roman Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century Dacian Wars. Napoleon Bonaparte copied Trajan's column to describe his own victories, and it stands in Place Vendome in the heart of Paris. Piazza Venezia earned its name from the Venetian embassy that operated there until the early 20th century. The embassy building, adorned with the emblem of Venice—a winged lion - has been transformed into a museum. Dominating the square's center is the grand Vittoriano, a significant symbol in Italy's unification history, featuring the mounted statue of Vittorio Emanuele II. Within this memorial complex lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. An elevator ride up to the balcony treats visitors to a splendid view of the city and the bustling Via del Corso, which stretches from Piazza Venezia to Piazza del Popolo. To the west of Via del Corso lie the Pantheon and Piazza Navona, while to the east lies the enchanting "wishing fountain," the Fontana di Trevi. Visitors toss coins over their shoulders into the fountain with the hope of returning to Rome one day. Just a short stroll away are the iconic Spanish Steps, adorned with Bernini's boat statue, and the upscale shopping street – the Via Dei Condotti. Starting from Piazza del Popolo, a majestic staircase leads up to a vantage point offering a spectacular view of the remarkable square. From there, you can also access the Borghese Gardens, home to the renowned Galleria Borghese (make sure to book tickets in advance). Inside the museum lies an extraordinary collection of masterpieces from the Renaissance and Baroque periods, a true treasure trove for art enthusiasts. The Vatican City, along with its awe-inspiring Basilica and Vatican Museums, is a magnet for millions of tourists and believers each year. Saint Peter's Basilica, the world's largest Catholic church, stands as a popular pilgrimage site. The basilica's magnificent architecture, highlighted by Michelangelo's iconic dome and breathtaking works of art like Bernini's Baldacchino, are awe-inspiring. The Vatican Museum houses an extensive collection of plastic and decorative arts spanning various historical eras. The most renowned is undoubtedly Michelangelo's masterpiece "Creation of Man," adorning the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Alongside it, there are other outstanding artworks like Raphael's "The School of Athens" and the mythological sculpture "Laocoön and His Sons." A visit to the Vatican is truly a journey through the peak of artistic and religious heritage. Wandering along the city’s charming cobbled streets, enchanting squares, and romantic alleys you will be immersed in Rome’ unique atmosphere. As evening falls, both tourists and locals flock to the Trastevere area, drawn by its many restaurants and delightful culinary experiences. While you’re there, don’t miss a visit to the beautiful Santa Maria church, which adds to the charm of the neighborhood. Make your way to the Belvedere Del Giancolo observation deck for an unforgettable sunset experience, where you'll be treated to a breathtaking view of the cityscape. This article provides just a glimpse of the countless wonderful sites that Rome has to offer. Between sites, you’ll have the opportunity to indulge in the delights of Italian cuisine, making Rome a paradise for food lovers. From authentic pastas to mouthwatering pizzas, superb coffee, and delightful Italian gelato, be sure to savor the outstanding Roman cuisine. Rome's charm extends beyond its historical sites to encompass the delectable culinary delights and enchanting ambiance that graces every nook and cranny of the city.

About Zagreb

Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from the Roman times to the present day. The oldest settlement in the urban area of the city is Andautonia, a Roman settlement in the place of today's Ščitarjevo. The name "Zagreb" is mentioned for the first time in 1094 at the founding of the Zagreb diocese of Kaptol, and Zagreb became a free royal town in 1242, whereas the origin of the name still remains a mystery in spite of several theories. In 1851 Zagreb had its first mayor, Janko Kamauf, and in 1945 it was made the capital of Croatia when the demographic boom and the urban sprawl made the city as it is known nowadays.

Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from the Roman times to the present day. The oldest settlement in the urban area of the city is Andautonia, a Roman settlement in the place of today's Ščitarjevo. The name "Zagreb" is mentioned for the first time in 1094 at the founding of the Zagreb diocese of Kaptol, and Zagreb became a free royal town in 1242, whereas the origin of the name still remains a mystery in spite of several theories. In 1851 Zagreb had its first mayor, Janko Kamauf, and in 1945 it was made the capital of Croatia when the demographic boom and the urban sprawl made the city as it is known nowadays.

About Vienna

Everybody wants to visit Vienna. Not only is it the capital city of Austria, it is an exciting metropolis with a rich background in history, art and especially music. The city is known for its grand Ring Road, lined with impressive buildings including museums such as the Museum of Art History and the Museum of Natural History. If you want to be witness to the opulence of the Habsburg dynasty then make sure to tour the former residences of the royal family at the Schönbrunn Palace and the magnificent gardens as well as the Hofburg Palace and the Belvedere Palace, with its baroque architecture.

Everybody wants to visit Vienna. Not only is it the capital city of Austria, it is an exciting metropolis with a rich background in history, art and especially music. The city is known for its grand Ring Road, lined with impressive buildings including museums such as the Museum of Art History and the Museum of Natural History. If you want to be witness to the opulence of the Habsburg dynasty then make sure to tour the former residences of the royal family at the Schönbrunn Palace and the magnificent gardens as well as the Hofburg Palace and the Belvedere Palace, with its baroque architecture.

Vienna (Wein) has 23 districts (Wiener Gemeindebezirkein) and each district offers diverse attractions including art galleries, café, museums, palaces, restaurants etc. each with its pros and cons. Starting in 1850, as the city kept growing and including the surrounding communities the city gave them numbers for easy clarification and reference.  The 1st District (Innere Stadt) is the old town and is encircled by the Ringstrasse (The Vienna Ring Road) which is about 5 km long. It is divided into nine sections; each has a ring extension. In 2001, it was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List. There is much to see in the inner circle including St. Stephan's Cathedral (Stephansdom), Hofburg Palace, the Natural History and Art History Museum, Wiener Rathaus (Vienna City Hall) the State Opera House and much more. Did you know that there are over 100 museums in Vienna! Besides the museums there are theatres, dance and music halls, restaurants, bars, exhibitions, restaurants, bars, cafes and lots of nature trails. Renowned artists whose works are hung in museums around the world and musicians whose music is played by international symphony orchestras were from Vienna. For example - Gustav Klimt (1862-1918) a symbolist painter and important influential member of the Vienna Secession movement (is there anyone who hasn’t seen his painting “Judith and the Head of Holofernes”; Egon Schiele (1890-1980) the Austrian expressionist who painted powerful personal paintings and Oskar Kokoschka the Expressionist, as well as Friedensreich Hundertwasser (1928-2000) whose startling works can be seen in what used to be his home in the 3rd district. Note: The family was Jewish, their original name was Stowasser and to save themselves during WWII they disguised themselves as Catholics and the young Friedrich even joined the Hitler Movement to avoid being targeted. It was only after the war that he then decided to change his name.  Just saying and just mentioning a few of the most renowned Austrian composers, in alphabetical order (feel free to add to this list): Anton Bruckner, Joseph Haydn, Franz Liszt, Joseph Haydn, Gustav Mahler, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Franz Schubert; their compositions can be heard around the world. in opera houses, theaters, concert halls and churches. Hofburg Imperial Palace which was built in the 13th century was the former main residence of the Habsburg monarchy. The palace contains 2600 rooms and some of them are spectacular museums on various themes and exhibitions. The various collections are housed in separate rooms and include musical instruments, weapons and armor, the ceremonial room (State Hall) in the Austrian National Library (Österreichische Nationalbibliothek) one of the most impressive in the world, with more than 12,000,000 books and item. The Imperial Treasury (Kaiserliche Schatzkammer) includes two imperial crowns as well as the Burgundian treasure and the treasure of the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Sisi museum in honor of Empress Elisabeth and so much more. On the outskirts of the palace is the famous Spanish Riding School where to this day they continue the training of Lipizzaner horses. Schönbrunn Palace (Schloss Schönbrunn) which was the summer “vacation” home for the Habsburgs is listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is considered Austria's most popular and most visited tourist attraction. It is of great importance for its architectural design and its spectacular neoclassical colonnade and manicured gardens which includes the palm house (Palmenhaus) from around 1880 is home to exotic plants growing in 3 pavilions in this huge greenhouse and the Maze (a terrific place for children as well). St. Stephen's Cathedral (Stephansdom) is the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna. It is also one of Austria’s most prevalent attractions with about one million visitors a year! Architecturally it is a very important building in the Gothic style, although it has been added to, altered and redecorated over the many decades or more accurately centuries! However, if it is that “Kodak Moment” you are yearning for, then you will have to climb up over 300 steps to the bell tower for a magnificent view of the city with its colorful tiled rooves. Belvedere is actually two palaces in the Baroque style - the Orangery and the Palace Stables. As well, the Belvedere is home to the Austrian Art Museum with works by leading Austrian artists such as Egon Schiele and Kokoschka Oskar, Gustav Klimt (“The Kiss” is on view, in the Lower Belvedere Museum). The Museum of Art History (Kunsthistorisches Museum), considered one of the top museums in the world, was built near the Imperial Palace in the late 1800’s. There just wasn’t enough room in the Imperial Palace for the incredible huge art collections of the royal family, as well as the most extensive collection of Bruegal art anywhere. Today they also exhibit the works of top artists from the Middle Ages to the 19th century including paintings by Johannes Vermeer, Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio) and Titian (Tiziano Vecelli).  The Opera House (Wiener Staatsoper) was one of the first of the monumental buildings to be built on the Ringstrasse and is renowned throughout the world. If you are a real opera buff you will be excited to know that the acoustics have been improved (with great difficulty because the building is under a preservation order). There are daily ballets and operas and visitors are welcome to view the impressive building. The Vienna Prater is a fantastic large public park in Leopoldstadt and the amusement park (The Wurstelprater) usually referred to as "Prater" is on one side of the park, with over 200 attractions including the iconic Ferris Wheel (Wiener Riesenrad) from the late 1800’s.Note: For easy access, an underground railway now stops near to the entrance of the Prater. Traditional dishes of the Viennese cuisine: Wiener schnitzel (veal coated in breadcrumbs and fried), Tafelspitz (boiled beef), Beuschel (a ragout containing veal lungs and heart), Selchfleisch (smoked meat) eaten with sauerkraut and dumplings and Knödel, a type of dumpling cooked in water- to be eaten as (a) a first course or maine or (b) a sweet type for dessert. Note: After the fall of Napolean in 1815, The Congress of Vienna took place. Celebrations and banquets were held for several months and the congress took on a moniker “The Dancing Congress". And thus for over 200 years the beginning of November signals the opening of “party time” and more than 450 banquets are held during the winter period.  

About Prague

Prague has been an important cultural and economic center since the reign of Charles IV in the 14th century. The city is home to iconic sites dating back as far as the 14th century, including Charles University, the oldest in Europe; Prague Castle; and, of course, the magnificent Charles Bridge, an architectural wonder that has been connecting the two banks of the Vltava River for over 600 years. The bridge contains the figures of 30 saints that were added in the Baroque period). 

Prague has been an important cultural and economic center since the reign of Charles IV in the 14th century. The city is home to iconic sites dating back as far as the 14th century, including Charles University, the oldest in Europe; Prague Castle; and, of course, the magnificent Charles Bridge, an architectural wonder that has been connecting the two banks of the Vltava River for over 600 years. The bridge contains the figures of 30 saints that were added in the Baroque period). 

Prague’s 14th century Old Town Hall and Gothic tower are popular attractions, both for their beauty and for their views of nearby ancient buildings.  The Town Hall served as the seat of the city's rulers, and the tower, located on its southern wing, bears an iconic astronomical clock dating back to 1410. The hands of the clock are calibrated according to the time of sunset, so don’t count on it for finding out the actual time! The clock also contains the zodiac and at the top of each hour, from 9 AM to 11 PM, the bells ring and there is a moving display of the apostles that lasts for 45 seconds. The eastern wing of the Town Hall was destroyed during the uprising on May 8, 1945 and was never rebuilt. In the square behind the clock, there is a monument to Jan Hus, the Church reformer who was the inspiration for Hussitism, a predecessor to Protestantism. Hus was tried in the city of Constant in western Austria and put on the stake in 1415. The monument shows his failure in the war on the "White Mountain," and his famous sayings are engraved in stone. On the outskirts of the square stands the Church of Our Lady before Tyn. The impressive building with its multiple towers is a city icon. The original architecture is from the 14th century, but its turrets have been restored. Inside the church, there are 19 impressive altars and dozens of graves with worn tombstones – based on the ancient belief that stepping on a tombstone saves one from toothache. The impressive organ was renovated in 2000, and the triangular gable that can be seen between the towers, is an addition from the Baroque period. There is a façade in front of the church with convex capitals - this is the only structure that survived from the 13th century. The Powder Tower, a short walk from the town hall, is a remnant of the gate of the city’s walls and is where the city's supply of gunpowder was stored. The Old Town alleys, which combine many Renaissance, Baroque and Art Nouveau styles, also lead to Prague's Old Jewish Quarter. The synagogues, the ancient cemetery, and the story of the "Golem" from Prague reveal the history of the Jewish community that lived here for generations. The Jewish Quarter is not open at all hours of the day, so be sure to confirm opening hours before arriving. Prague’s National Museum is a fifteen-minute walk from the ancient Town Hall. Along the way, walk through Wenceslas Square, named after Wenceslas I, King of Bohemia. It is a long square surrounded by boulevards and containing the statue of Wenceslaus on his horse. In front of the museum, there is a commemorative plaque for Jan Palach, the Czech student who set himself on fire in January 1969 as a protest against the Soviet invasion of Poland. If you are a fan of Art Nouveau, be sure to visit the Mucha Museum, an impressive museum that curates the works of the artist Alphonse Mucha. Prague Castle (Pražský hrad) is considered one of the oldest castles in the world, and it dominates the city's skyline. The citadel was the seat of kings and emperors for over a thousand years. The castle complex includes the Gothic St. Vitus Cathedral, the Old Royal Palace, the Golden Path, and other historical buildings. St. Vitus Cathedral is located within the Prague Castle complex and is a magnificent example of Gothic architecture. It is the largest and most important cathedral in the Czech Republic, featuring stunning stained glass windows, beautiful chapels, and tombs of Bohemian kings and Holy Roman emperors.

About Dresden

Dresden is a city in Saxony, Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque and rococo city center. After world war II restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Semper Oper and the Dresdner Frauenkirche.

Dresden is a city in Saxony, Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony, who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor. The city was known as the Jewel Box, because of its baroque and rococo city center. After world war II restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city, including the Katholische Hofkirche, the Semper Oper and the Dresdner Frauenkirche.

About Strasbourg

Strasbourg is the capital city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Strasbourg's historic city center, the Grande ֳŽle, was classified a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honor was placed on an entire city center. The city is chiefly known for its sandstone Gothic Cathedral with its famous astronomical clock, and for its medieval cityscape of Rhineland black and white timber-framed buildings, particularly in the Petite France district or Gerberviertel ("tanners' district") alongside the Ill and in the streets and squares surrounding the cathedral, where the renowned Maison Kammerzell stands out.

Strasbourg is the capital city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Strasbourg's historic city center, the Grande ֳŽle, was classified a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honor was placed on an entire city center. The city is chiefly known for its sandstone Gothic Cathedral with its famous astronomical clock, and for its medieval cityscape of Rhineland black and white timber-framed buildings, particularly in the Petite France district or Gerberviertel ("tanners' district") alongside the Ill and in the streets and squares surrounding the cathedral, where the renowned Maison Kammerzell stands out.

About Brussels

Brussels is the capital and largest city of Belgium and the capital of the European Union. Brussels has grown from a 10C fortress town to a sizeable city. The architecture in Brussels is diverse, spanning from the medieval constructions on the Grand Place to the postmodern buildings of the EU institutions. Main attractions include the Grand Place, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the Gothic town hall in the old centre, the St. Michael and Gudula Cathedral and the Royal Palace of Laeken. Another famous landmark is the Royal Palace. The city has had a renowned artist scene for many years. Brussels is known for its local waffle, its chocolate, its French fries and its numerous types of beers.

Brussels is the capital and largest city of Belgium and the capital of the European Union. Brussels has grown from a 10C fortress town to a sizeable city. The architecture in Brussels is diverse, spanning from the medieval constructions on the Grand Place to the postmodern buildings of the EU institutions. Main attractions include the Grand Place, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the Gothic town hall in the old centre, the St. Michael and Gudula Cathedral and the Royal Palace of Laeken. Another famous landmark is the Royal Palace. The city has had a renowned artist scene for many years. Brussels is known for its local waffle, its chocolate, its French fries and its numerous types of beers.

About London

London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom and the most visited and loved by tourists from all over the world. The city is considered as an administrative region that comprises many smaller neighborhoods that once were small villages that over the centuries, were assimilated with the growing city.  The city of London is the historic center that was once walled and protected plus the 12 Inner London boroughs (including the City of Westminster) and the 20 Outer London boroughs.

London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom and the most visited and loved by tourists from all over the world. The city is considered as an administrative region that comprises many smaller neighborhoods that once were small villages that over the centuries, were assimilated with the growing city.  The city of London is the historic center that was once walled and protected plus the 12 Inner London boroughs (including the City of Westminster) and the 20 Outer London boroughs.

London started as a Roman legion camp on the banks of river Thames called Lodonium, then grew to become an administrative and trade center. The city is almost a square mile in area and contains, besides the historic center, the business district of London. The city is based in City Hall, is administered s by the Greater London Authority is governed by the Mayor. The major attractions in The City are The Tower and St Paul Cathedral.  London is an international city with over 300 languages spoken by its habitants. This ensures wealth and diversity of culture, culinary choices, music and fashion. Each one of the city neighborhoods offer a different vibe and atmosphere. Shoreditch for example, once a working-class area in the East End of London and also a center of the Elizabethan Theatre, is today an entertainment hub with pubs and nightclubs built there and has become a fashionable neighborhood to boots!  Camden in the northwest of the city is known for its canals and railway terminal and was a trade hub where goods were transported into the city by workhorses. The area was full of stables and warehouses. Today Camden is known for its street markets and food stalls.  Most people can quickly identify some of the iconic London buildings and major attractions. On the UNESCO World Heritage list you have Saint Margaret’s Church and Westminster Abbey and the Houses of Parliament, which is the Palace of Westminster. There is also St. Paul Cathedral which is listed as Grade I building and the Tower Bridge (which is one of 35 bridges crossing the Thames River). Then you cannot leave London without checking the time on your watch with the Big Ben, which is really the moniker for “the Great Bell of the Great Clock of Westminster”.   There are close to 200 museums in London and about ten percent of the major ones are free. Just to name a few - The Victoria and Albert Museum, with close to three million artifacts and objects, most probably the largest museum of applied arts in the world. Then there is the British Museum, The Natural History Museum and The Science Museum and more! Who doesn’t know the acclaimed author, Charles Dickens (1812-1870)? He wrote more than fifteen books and even if you have not ready any of them, you do know his two most popular works that were adapted as musical to the stage (both in London and on Broadway) - Oliver Twist and A Christmas Carol. The Charles Dickens Museum is in one of his dwellings where he wrote some of his novels including Oliver Twist. The museum is set up as if it was his home and you feel as if you are walking around in someone’s Victorian house! Like Broadway, London's West End offers the best of musicals, theaters and music. The city is well-known for its distinct shopping streets such as the popular Oxford Street, the more elegant Regent Street, The High-End Bond Street as well as many shopping malls, food markets and vintage and antique markets. It doesn't matter how long you will stay in London, there's always something new to discover and enjoy.