Classical Europe From Rome to Amsterdam

About Rome

About 2,000 years ago, during the peak of the Roman Empire, the Romans paved an extensive network of roads spanning approximately 50,000 miles. These roads, originating from Rome, the heart of the Empire, became the origin of the famous saying, "All roads lead to Rome."

About 2,000 years ago, during the peak of the Roman Empire, the Romans paved an extensive network of roads spanning approximately 50,000 miles. These roads, originating from Rome, the heart of the Empire, became the origin of the famous saying, "All roads lead to Rome."

Rome, often referred to as the "Eternal City," has maintained its allure as a global tourist destination. Its attractions include a wealth of iconic historical remnants, awe-inspiring architecture, churches and temples of grandeur, internationally acclaimed art and museums, charming squares and winding streets, bustling shopping districts, diverse culinary hubs, and an enchanting atmosphere. Nestled within the city lies the Vatican State, often regarded as its spiritual nucleus. The official appellation of the city, S.P.Q.R, stands for Senātus Populus Que Rōmānus, symbolizing the Roman Senate and People. A visit to the ancient section of Rome, encompassing the Roman Forum and the Coliseum, offers a captivating glimpse into the remnants of the Empire's glorious past. The Colosseum, once known as the "amphitheater of the plebeians," stands proudly on one side. Its oval structure had the remarkable capacity to accommodate up to 80,000 spectators and served as the venue for thrilling gladiator battles and captivating hunting and entertainment shows. Beneath the Colosseum lies the Underground Hypogeum, an intricate system of rooms that provided living quarters for the gladiators and served as confinement for dangerous beasts, such as lions. Contestants entered the arena via elevators, and the arena itself could be transformed into a water-filled stage for spectacular marine exhibitions, courtesy of the Aqueduct Claudia water carrier. The emperors entered the arena discreetly through a concealed underground passage from their residence on the Palatine Hill. Today, defacing the walls and stones in Rome is a serious criminal offense, but the etched graffiti from Rome’s heyday 2000 years ago has become a valuable resource for researchers, shedding light on the lives of the participants, prisoners, and gladiators who once dwelled within its historic walls. The "Forum Romanum," which was the political, commercial, and social center of the city for hundreds of years, extends from the Colosseum for about 820 feet. The forum is home to several historical buildings, including the Constantine Gate, the Titus Gate, the Severus Septimius Gate, the Settimo Severo temples, basilicas, the market, and the Curia Lulia that was the seat of the Roman Saint. A few steps to the north, in the outer part of the forum, there is a smaller forum - Trajan’s Forum- that contains Trajan’s Column. The triumphal column, standing tall at close to 100 feet, has a long spiral relief that commemorates the victories of Roman Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century Dacian Wars. Napoleon Bonaparte copied Trajan's column to describe his own victories, and it stands in Place Vendome in the heart of Paris. Piazza Venezia earned its name from the Venetian embassy that operated there until the early 20th century. The embassy building, adorned with the emblem of Venice—a winged lion - has been transformed into a museum. Dominating the square's center is the grand Vittoriano, a significant symbol in Italy's unification history, featuring the mounted statue of Vittorio Emanuele II. Within this memorial complex lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. An elevator ride up to the balcony treats visitors to a splendid view of the city and the bustling Via del Corso, which stretches from Piazza Venezia to Piazza del Popolo. To the west of Via del Corso lie the Pantheon and Piazza Navona, while to the east lies the enchanting "wishing fountain," the Fontana di Trevi. Visitors toss coins over their shoulders into the fountain with the hope of returning to Rome one day. Just a short stroll away are the iconic Spanish Steps, adorned with Bernini's boat statue, and the upscale shopping street – the Via Dei Condotti. Starting from Piazza del Popolo, a majestic staircase leads up to a vantage point offering a spectacular view of the remarkable square. From there, you can also access the Borghese Gardens, home to the renowned Galleria Borghese (make sure to book tickets in advance). Inside the museum lies an extraordinary collection of masterpieces from the Renaissance and Baroque periods, a true treasure trove for art enthusiasts. The Vatican City, along with its awe-inspiring Basilica and Vatican Museums, is a magnet for millions of tourists and believers each year. Saint Peter's Basilica, the world's largest Catholic church, stands as a popular pilgrimage site. The basilica's magnificent architecture, highlighted by Michelangelo's iconic dome and breathtaking works of art like Bernini's Baldacchino, are awe-inspiring. The Vatican Museum houses an extensive collection of plastic and decorative arts spanning various historical eras. The most renowned is undoubtedly Michelangelo's masterpiece "Creation of Man," adorning the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Alongside it, there are other outstanding artworks like Raphael's "The School of Athens" and the mythological sculpture "Laocoön and His Sons." A visit to the Vatican is truly a journey through the peak of artistic and religious heritage. Wandering along the city’s charming cobbled streets, enchanting squares, and romantic alleys you will be immersed in Rome’ unique atmosphere. As evening falls, both tourists and locals flock to the Trastevere area, drawn by its many restaurants and delightful culinary experiences. While you’re there, don’t miss a visit to the beautiful Santa Maria church, which adds to the charm of the neighborhood. Make your way to the Belvedere Del Giancolo observation deck for an unforgettable sunset experience, where you'll be treated to a breathtaking view of the cityscape. This article provides just a glimpse of the countless wonderful sites that Rome has to offer. Between sites, you’ll have the opportunity to indulge in the delights of Italian cuisine, making Rome a paradise for food lovers. From authentic pastas to mouthwatering pizzas, superb coffee, and delightful Italian gelato, be sure to savor the outstanding Roman cuisine. Rome's charm extends beyond its historical sites to encompass the delectable culinary delights and enchanting ambiance that graces every nook and cranny of the city.

About Florence

Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany. Florence is famous for its history, a center of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of the time, Florence is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages. A turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family, and numerous religious and republican revolutions. The Historic Center of Florence was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. The city is noted for its culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments. The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries.

Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany. Florence is famous for its history, a center of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of the time, Florence is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages. A turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family, and numerous religious and republican revolutions. The Historic Center of Florence was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. The city is noted for its culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments. The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries.

About Venice

Venice is a city in northeastern Italy sited on a group of 118 small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. Venice is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. The city in its entirety is listed as a World Heritage Site, along with its lagoon. It is also known for its several important artistic movements, especially the Renaissance period. Venice is one of the most important tourist destinations in the world for its celebrated art and architecture. The city has an average of 50,000 tourists a day.

Venice is a city in northeastern Italy sited on a group of 118 small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. Venice is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. The city in its entirety is listed as a World Heritage Site, along with its lagoon. It is also known for its several important artistic movements, especially the Renaissance period. Venice is one of the most important tourist destinations in the world for its celebrated art and architecture. The city has an average of 50,000 tourists a day.

About Cinque Terre

Cinque Terre is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is in the Liguria region of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia. "The Five Lands" is composed of five villages: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. The coastline, the five villages, and the surrounding hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Over the centuries, people have carefully built terraces on the rugged, steep landscape right up to the cliffs that overlook the sea. Part of its charm is the lack of visible corporate development. Paths, trains and boats connect the villages, and cars cannot reach them from the outside. The Cinque Terre area is a very popular tourist destination.

Cinque Terre is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is in the Liguria region of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia. "The Five Lands" is composed of five villages: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. The coastline, the five villages, and the surrounding hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Over the centuries, people have carefully built terraces on the rugged, steep landscape right up to the cliffs that overlook the sea. Part of its charm is the lack of visible corporate development. Paths, trains and boats connect the villages, and cars cannot reach them from the outside. The Cinque Terre area is a very popular tourist destination.

About Geneva

Geneva is the second most populous city in Switzerland. Situated where the Rhone exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva. The opera house has the largest stage in Switzerland. It features opera and dance performances, recitals, concerts and, occasionally, theatre. The Victoria Hall is used for classical music concerts. Every summer, the Geneva Festival is organised. Hundreds of thousands of people come to Geneva to see the annual one-hour long grand firework display. Museums and art galleries are everywhere in the city. The Palace of Nations, home of the United Nations headquarters, can also be visited.

Geneva is the second most populous city in Switzerland. Situated where the Rhone exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva. The opera house has the largest stage in Switzerland. It features opera and dance performances, recitals, concerts and, occasionally, theatre. The Victoria Hall is used for classical music concerts. Every summer, the Geneva Festival is organised. Hundreds of thousands of people come to Geneva to see the annual one-hour long grand firework display. Museums and art galleries are everywhere in the city. The Palace of Nations, home of the United Nations headquarters, can also be visited.

About Paris

Stunning, magnificent Paris… here are just a few of the names used to describe the city: "The City of Lights", "The City of Love", "The City of Bridges", and "The City of Fashion." 

Stunning, magnificent Paris… here are just a few of the names used to describe the city: "The City of Lights", "The City of Love", "The City of Bridges", and "The City of Fashion." 

The special atmosphere in Paris is influenced not only by its vibrancy, places of entertainment, restaurants and cafes, theaters and cinemas, museums and historical sites, fashion houses and shops, but, first and foremost, by the architectural planning of the city which was implemented about 150 years ago and completely changed the face of the city. In the second half of the 19th century, France was ruled by Napoleon III, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. During his reign, he, together with his emissary, Baron Haussmann, transformed the overcrowded and neglected medieval Paris into a modern, beautiful city. Their massive urban renewal planning included wide, long boulevards connected by spacious squares, with each boulevard wide enough for a 6-horse chariot to maneuver easily. They built large public parks, theaters, opera houses, and public transportation lines, including the first Metro, which was inaugurated in 1900. They also installed underground sewage and water systems. The Place de l’Etoile (Star Square) is one the most famous squares in Paris. It surrounds the Arc de Triomphe, which was built during the time of Napoleon Bonaparte, and its gates include national symbols as well as the names of more than 500 officers who fought in the ranks of Napoleon's army. Beneath the Arc de Triomphe is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Following the death of Charles de Gaulle, the square was renamed Place Charles de Gaulle. Concord Square is another of Paris’ most famous squares, and, at its center, there is an Egyptian obelisk. This was the location of the guillotine during the French Revolution. As the excavations for the city’s Metro were taking place, a new raw material was discovered - hard, cream-colored limestone. Baron Haussmann gave instructions that houses were to be built exclusively from this limestone, and the facades of the houses were to be uniform in style. As a result, the streets and boulevards in Paris have a special character - cream-colored stone with black slate roofs, and elaborate iron forges on the balconies. The city’s architecture fits in well with its huge range of attractions. Be sure to notice the decorations at the entrance to the Metro stations. At the beginning of the 20th century, artist Hector Guimard designed these entrances in the Art Nouveau style that dominated Europe at the time. The River Seine, which flows through the city and into the English Channel, has been the lifeblood of the city since Roman times. There are many bridges that cross the Seine, connecting its right bank to its left bank. Paris is surrounded by a ring road, known as the Boulevard Peripherique, which is almost 20 miles long and marks the city’s boundaries. The cities outside the ring road are not part of the Paris municipality but are part of a huge metropolis that is approximately six times the population of Paris itself with 2.2 million inhabitants. Because of the traffic congestion in Paris, it is best to visit the city by train or Metro rather than by a private car. The Metro lines are efficient and easy to navigate, including to the nearby international airports – Orly and Charles de Gaulle. Paris is divided into 20 districts (arrondissements) that are arranged in a clockwise spiral starting from the center of the city. The first district is the heart of Paris, and it includes the Louvre Museum and the island: "Ile de la Cité," home to the Gothic Notre Dame Cathedral. A fire broke out in the cathedral in 2019, and it is still undergoing renovations.  Ile de la Cite is also home to the "Sainte- Chapelle", a renowned church with magnificent stained glass windows. Paris, also known as, "the City of Art," has a rich heritage of culture and art. The Louvre, the most famous museum in Paris, was founded over 200 years ago in what had formerly served as a palace. While the Mona Lisa, gifted to King Francois I by its painter, Leonardo da Vinci, at the beginning of the 16th century is one of the museum’s main highlights, the museum is home to many extraordinary collections of art of all types and includes magnificent gardens, as well. Other outstanding museums in Paris include the Musee d'Orsay, the Picasso Museum, the Musee de la Orangerie, and the Pompidou Center. Wandering through Paris, many visitors are inspired by the city’s romantic atmosphere – its parks, riverside promenades, the sidewalk cafes, and the many stores displaying beautiful clothing and objects- from the world’s most luxurious brands to more affordable options. As darkness falls, the city’s buildings and boulevards become illuminated, giving off a special aura. Be sure to see the daily light show at the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower has been a Paris icon since it was erected in preparation for the 1889 Paris World’s Fair celebrating 100 years since the French Revolution. Within 10 minutes of dusk, the tower shimmers with golden lights and beacons. The flashing hours vary according to the seasons, and you can check the current hours on the tower’s website, One simply cannot describe Paris without discussing its cuisine! French cuisine is, of course, renowned, and Paris offers exceptional culinary experiences. From Michelin-starred restaurants to charming cafes and patisseries, you can indulge in some of the most delicious dishes, pastries, wines, and cheeses. If you are a foodie, do not miss the market tours – they are unforgettable! For good reason, Paris – the city of art, history, culture, lights, fashion, and cuisine – has been and continues to be one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations!

About Brussels

Brussels is the capital and largest city of Belgium and the capital of the European Union. Brussels has grown from a 10C fortress town to a sizeable city. The architecture in Brussels is diverse, spanning from the medieval constructions on the Grand Place to the postmodern buildings of the EU institutions. Main attractions include the Grand Place, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the Gothic town hall in the old centre, the St. Michael and Gudula Cathedral and the Royal Palace of Laeken. Another famous landmark is the Royal Palace. The city has had a renowned artist scene for many years. Brussels is known for its local waffle, its chocolate, its French fries and its numerous types of beers.

Brussels is the capital and largest city of Belgium and the capital of the European Union. Brussels has grown from a 10C fortress town to a sizeable city. The architecture in Brussels is diverse, spanning from the medieval constructions on the Grand Place to the postmodern buildings of the EU institutions. Main attractions include the Grand Place, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the Gothic town hall in the old centre, the St. Michael and Gudula Cathedral and the Royal Palace of Laeken. Another famous landmark is the Royal Palace. The city has had a renowned artist scene for many years. Brussels is known for its local waffle, its chocolate, its French fries and its numerous types of beers.

About Amsterdam

Amsterdam, the capital city of the Netherlands, boasts a captivating history that dates back to its 12th century beginnings as a modest fishing village. Over time, the city flourished into a bustling commercial center, and, by the 17th century, played a pivotal role in global trade. The establishment of the Dutch East India Company during the colonial era further fueled periods of prosperity, cultural blossoming, and architectural advancement. The city's charm has remained as vibrant as ever, offering modern-day tourists a dynamic and multicultural hub in a wonderful atmosphere, surrounded by a unique, impressive architectural maze.

Amsterdam, the capital city of the Netherlands, boasts a captivating history that dates back to its 12th century beginnings as a modest fishing village. Over time, the city flourished into a bustling commercial center, and, by the 17th century, played a pivotal role in global trade. The establishment of the Dutch East India Company during the colonial era further fueled periods of prosperity, cultural blossoming, and architectural advancement. The city's charm has remained as vibrant as ever, offering modern-day tourists a dynamic and multicultural hub in a wonderful atmosphere, surrounded by a unique, impressive architectural maze.

The old city of Amsterdam, often referred to as the "Venice of the North," is a testament to its immense cultural heritage. Built along the banks of its iconic canals, the old city is home to rich cultural heritage full of artistic masterpieces. Renowned museums in the museum district, situated on the Singelgracht canal, showcase the best works of Dutch painters like Johannes Vermeer, Rembrandt van Rijn, Vincent van Gogh, Hieronymus Bosch, Peter Paul Rubens, and other luminaries of the art world. Amsterdam is known as one of the friendliest cities for cyclists, with cycling deeply ingrained in the local culture. Embrace the city's spirit by renting a bike and joining the vibrant atmosphere as you pedal along the bike paths, gaining a unique perspective on the picturesque canals, charming atria, and stunning buildings. When it comes to culinary delights, Amsterdam offers a diverse array of experiences. Savor the local delicacies and don't miss out on stroopwafels (caramel-filled waffles), bitterballen (meatballs), pannenkoeken (pancakes), and the delectable Gouda or Edam cheeses. The bustling food markets like Albert Cuyp and Foodhallen are a treat, serving up an enticing array of local and international dishes. Pair your meal with a refreshing local beer or indulge in the distinctive flavor of Jenever, the local gin, for a truly immersive culinary experience. Amsterdam is home to a wealth of attractions- here are just a few to get you started: The Floating Flower Market, famously known as Bloemenmarkt, is a local gem. Throughout the city's history, flower merchants used to ply their trade from boats navigating the canals. As the 19th century progressed, trade flourished on floating rafts anchored in the Singelgracht canal. Today, it stands as the only floating flower market in the world, offering a stunning array of the finest blooms and flower seeds from the Netherlands. During the spring season, the market comes alive with a kaleidoscope of colorful tulips, making it a must-visit destination for flower enthusiasts. The Anne Frank House is where Anne and her family hid during the horrors of World War II. The house has been converted into a museum that offers a deeply moving experience, showing where the family lived in a concealed space in her father’s office for over two years, evading the Nazi persecution that targeted the Jewish community in Amsterdam. Tragically, in 1944, they were discovered and sent to the Bergen-Belsen extermination camp, where Anne met her untimely and cruel end. Yet, her diary survived, and is a chilling testament that touches the hearts of millions of readers worldwide, serving as a poignant reminder of the vital significance of empathy and compassion. Begijnhof, a historical complex dating back to the early 14th century, was created as a religious community for women embracing a monastic way of life, dedicated to prayer and acts of kindness. Originally located outside the city walls, it was eventually relocated to its present position in the heart of the city center. Encircled by captivating historic buildings, the enclave boasts several remarkably well preserved wooden houses—a rare sight in Amsterdam, given the city's tumultuous history of fires. Leidseplein and Rembrandtplein are two squares that are famous for their vibrant nightlife, attracting visitors with an array of bars, clubs, live music venues, and entertainment options. In Rembrandt Square there is a monument to the painter’s memory with statues depicting characters from his well-known painting, "The Night Watch." Leidseplein is also home to the casino and the National Theatre. The Eye Film Museum is the Dutch national museum dedicated to photography. Situated along the city's waterfront, the building alone is an attraction with its distinctive and striking architecture! The museum contains a rich collection of films, photographs, posters, as well as other memorabilia related to cinema, and it features various exhibitions that celebrate the history, development, and meaning of filmmaking in the Netherlands and abroad. On the top floor of the museum, there is a panoramic balcony with an amazing view of the city and the waterfront. Amsterdam's rich history, captivating cultural heritage, picturesque canals, and vibrant atmosphere make it a popular and unforgettable tourist destination!