Between Two Iberian Capitals

About Madrid

Madrid, the capital of Spain and its largest city, is the seat of the government of Spain and the residence of the Spanish monarch. In short, Madrid is the political, economic, and cultural center of Spain. 

This city which never sleeps was built in the 16th century when Philip II, who disliked the capital Valladolid, decided to turn a remote, ancient village in Castile into a capital. Lying at the foot of the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range, the Monzanares River flows through the city. Madrid is home to impressive architecture, leading international art museums, green parks, phenomenal food, and a lively nightlife. The Royal Palace Palacio Real serves as the official seat of the King of Spain. This huge palace, one of the largest Italian Baroque style palaces in Europe, is located on a spectacular cliff overlooking the Monzanares River. The palace contains thousands of art treasures, including paintings and wall murals, porcelain objects, musical instruments, and medieval weapons. There are breathtaking gardens surrounding the palace -the Sabatini Gardens to the north and the Campo del Moro Gardens at the foot of the hill on which the palace is located. Madrid’s large, Neo-Gothic style Santa Maria de la Almudena Cathedral is among the newest cathedrals in Europe, inaugurated in 1993 after over 100 years of construction. Madrid is a city with three famous museums. The Prado El, which began to be constructed in the 18th century, has a neo-classical façade and was intended to be a vast center for nature and science studies. It later became a museum with tens of thousands of works of art from the royal palaces of Spain. It has a huge collection of Spanish paintings, including works by Velázquez, Goya and El Greco; Italian paintings by foremost painters such as Botticelli, Veronese, Caravaggio; and Flemish masterpieces by Hieronymus Bosch, Bruegel, Rubens, Rembrandt, and Van Dyck. The Reina Sofia Museum is housed in a building that was used as a hospital until the 18th century. It is home to an impressive collection of 20th century works, including cubism, surrealism, and realism, and a permanent collection with works by Salvador Dali, Juan Miro, and Pablo Picasso. The highlight of the museum is Picasso's famous masterpiece from 1937, "Guernica.” Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum is the third famous museum in Madrid. It began in 1920 as an exhibit of the private collection of Baron Heinrich Thyssen- Bornemisza, who was a well-known collector. It is considered to be one of the most impressive private collections in the world. The museum was sold to Spain and opened to the public in 1992. Much of Madrid’s charm lies in its many public squares, each with its own character and beautiful parks and gardens. The Puerta del Sol (Gate of the Sun) square is a focal point of the city. It was built as a half moon decorated with two fountains and the equestrian statue of Carlos III (who built most of the squares in the city). The Bear and Strawberry Tree statues are attractions, as well, and have become symbols of the city. Today, the square’s central building is used by the Autonomous Community of Madrid. The square is known for its New Year’s Eve tradition of eating twelve grapes, one for each chime at midnight. Plaza Mayor (Town Square) is in the heart of the old city. Originally used in the 15th century as the town market, it was established in the 17th century as a town square, and the 19th century equestrian sculpture of Philip III stands in the center. There are ten entrances to the square and nine gates. Plaza Mayor has historically been the scene of many events, including bullfights and soccer games, and today is the venue for the annual Christmas market. The Casa de la Panaderia, a municipal and cultural building on the north side of the plaza, has a beautiful façade and angular towers to its sides. Plaza Mayor is a thriving center of Madrid life both day and night with its cafes, restaurants, and bars. Plaza Oriente is built in the shape of a crescent with an impressive facade of the Royal Palace as its base. It is surrounded by flower beds, beautiful shrubbery, and statues of the kings of Spain. In the center, above an imposing fountain surrounded by lions, is the equestrian statue of Philip IV. In the rectangular Plaza Espania, a spacious square surrounded by trees, there is a large stone monument honoring one of Spain's greatest writers, Miguel Cervantes, and the two iconic characters, Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. The 18th century Plaza de Cibeles is one of the main squares in the city and is considered to be one of its most important symbols. The fountain in the square depicts the goddess Cybele sitting in a chariot driven by two lions. At one end of the square is the Madrid City Hall building. The Parquet del Buen Retiro is the green lung of Madrid. It was established as a royal garden with a summer palace, and its garden paths, fountains, lake, playgrounds, and cafes attract many visitors. The Casa de Campo, Madrid’s largest public park, was created in the 16th century for the royal family and nobility and became a public park in 1931. It is a popular urban park and destination for both visitors and locals, especially on the weekends. The park contains lakes as well as an amusement park and a large zoo. Madrid is also a great shopping destination with its many colorful markets. The San Miguel Market is one of the most famous in the city with a wide variety of food, wine, and tapas stalls. San Ildefonso market is a food market, which, at dark, turns into a lively entertainment area with a stunning balcony and comfortable seating. The Platea Market, which used to be a theatre, bustles with restaurants, shops, bars, and bakeries. Anton Martin Market is a food market with cafeterias, restaurants, and even a flamenco school. Last but not least, be sure to visit Calle Gran Via, the busiest thoroughfare in Madrid with cinemas, shopping malls, international chain stores, and banks. If you’re a foodie, Madrid won’t disappoint! It has its own gastronomy as well as culinary specialties from all over Spain. Madrid’s many restaurants and cafes serve the famous bean stews, roast suckling piglet, Galician octopus, and the iconic Paella.

About Segovia

The city is located in North-Central Spain about 30 miles from Madrid. Because of its prime geographical location, bordered by two rivers and at a crossroads to the famous pilgrimage routes –the Camino de Santiago- it is a city that is steeped in a rich, complex history. Between the well-preserved architectural remains of this illustrious history and the beauty of its natural landscape, Segovia is a magical city which attracts visitors year-round.

The city is located in North-Central Spain about 30 miles from Madrid. Because of its prime geographical location, bordered by two rivers and at a crossroads to the famous pilgrimage routes –the Camino de Santiago- it is a city that is steeped in a rich, complex history. Between the well-preserved architectural remains of this illustrious history and the beauty of its natural landscape, Segovia is a magical city which attracts visitors year-round.

Segovia is most famous for its three main landmarks: the Roman Aqueduct, the Gothic Segovia Cathedral, and the medieval Alcazar Fortress (also known as the Palace of the Kings of Castile) which was the inspiration for Walt Disney’s Cinderella Castle. The Segovia Aqueduct is one of Spain's best-preserved remains from the Roman period and is the official symbol of Segovia. It was built to transport water from the nearby river, the Rio Frio, down to the city, almost 10.5 miles away – and, in fact, it did so until 1973, almost 1000 years! The Segovia Aqueduct is considered one of the most magnificent and well-kept in the world – and a true civil engineering wonder. Built in the 1st century, the visible portion of the aqueduct is nearly 2388 feet long and 30 feet high with over 167 arches and 24,000 granite stones – stones which hold together without mortar or any adhesive material. It is located in Plaza del Azoquejo and is considered the gateway to the old city. The 16th century Segovia Cathedral, located in Plaza Mayor, is among the last cathedrals to be built in Gothic-Renaissance style. The enormous and beautiful structure is another prominent symbol of Segovia. Today, the cathedral houses a museum which displays works of art by well-known Spanish artists as well as one of the first printed books published in Spain. The Alcazar of Segovia is a unique fairy tale-like palace which blends architecture from a variety of monarchs and overflows with their stories. Built on a high cliff at the convergence of the Eresma and Clamores Rivers which surround the city, the Alcazar seems like a lookout, protecting the city. The top of the Alcazar’s tower offers outstanding views of the city as well as the surrounding mountains. Segovia’s historical reality is apparent in the lay out of its neighborhoods, streets, and houses. During the manufacturing boom of the 16th century, 3 cultures co-existed, each with its own community: Moors, Christians, and Jews. There are well-preserved remnants of each to this day. The old Jewish Quarter, known as the Calle de la Juderia Vieja, was the thriving home of Segovia’s Jewish population from the 12th century until their expulsion from Spain in 1492. The early 15th century former main synagogue, transformed into the Church of the Corpus Christi convent, still stands though much of the Jewish part of the structure was destroyed in a 19th century fire. As for cuisine, Segovia does not disappoint! There are outstanding restaurants in the city, and an unforgettable experience is eating dinner with the illuminated Aqueduct in the background. Don’t miss the local specialties – wild mushrooms and the Cantimpalos chorizos!

About Avila

Avila is the capital city of the Spanish province of Avila located in the autonomous community of Castile and Leon. Sitting at an altitude of over 3700 feet above sea level, the city is surrounded by an intact, fully preserved Romanesque medieval wall, earning it the distinction of being “the finest medieval remnant in Spain.” It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. 

According to legend, Avila was founded by one of Hercules’ sons and was inhabited by Iberian tribes followed by the Celts, the Romans, the Muslims, and, from the 11th century, by the Christians. In the following centuries, “Avila of the Knights” (as it was called) became an important commercial center. It was home to several well-known historical events: it is the city where the priest, Tomás de Torquemada, head of the Inquisition, ended his life and where Saint Teresa, the ascetic mystic from the 16th century and one of the greatest in the history of the Catholic Church, began her mystical journey. She led a difficult campaign for reforms in the Carmelite order in the city and left her mark on the entire city. She founded 17 monasteries and was declared a saint in 1622. The city has since been known as "Avila of Saint Teresa." The preservation of Avila’s old city and of its walls in particular is exceptional. The 11th century walls are still standing in their entirety, with a total length of 1.5 miles and a height of nearly 33 feet. The wall has 9 gates and over 80 semicircular guard towers, including the El Alcazar, and a stroll along the walkable sections of the wall offers a spectacular view of the city. Don’t miss the sight of the illuminated walls at night! For additional great city views, visit the four observation posts, known as Cuatro Postes, in the northwest part of the city. The Cathedral del Salvador de Avila, whose construction began in the late 11th century, is built of granite and was used for both prayer and defense. The eastern wing was part of the city's fortification system, and it is considered the first Gothic cathedral in Spain. The spectacular Romanesque Basilica de San Vicente from the 11th-14th centuries is lavishly decorated with sculpture and intricate carvings on the columns and walls. The Monastery of Saint Thomas El Monasterio de Santo Tomas is a combination of a monastery and an official royal residence built by the Catholic kings. It includes 3 interconnected inner courtyards and a church. The Great Market Square Park, named Santa Teresa Square Park, is the center of Avila and the venue for public fairs and celebrations. With all its history and architecture, Avila is also renowned for its superb food. Be sure not to leave Avila without sampling the tapas! There are many excellent restaurants in the city, and a serving of tapas, coupled with local wine or beer, provides a perfect rest stop.

About Salamanca

Salamanca, located in northwestern Spain near the Tormes River, is part of the regions of Castile and Leon, close to the Portuguese border. Home to the University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca), it is a small, vibrant university town that attracts students from all over the world who come here to study Spanish.

In fact, the city has a long-standing tradition of being an important intellectual center as the university was founded in 1218 – the 2nd university in all of Spain and one of the oldest in the world. Its magnificent sculptured entrance, built in the 16th century, is an outstanding work of art with its fine detail, resembling delicate goldsmith's craft. With buildings made of golden stone, Salamanca has been nicknamed “the Golden City.” The city’s architecture has historical richness - narrow streets, charming buildings, decorated facades, domes, and pointed towers- earning it UNESCO World Heritage Site status The main square, Plaza Mayor, was built in baroque style in the 18th century and is considered one of the most magnificent squares in Spain. Salamanca City Hall is in the center of the square with the clock tower above it. Other city highlights include the old Romanesque church, Cathedral Vieja, which dates back to the 12th century, the “new” Cathedral Nueva from the 16th century which is built in Gothic Renaissance and Baroque style, and the bell tower which soars high above and is visible from almost anywhere in the city.

About Vila Real

Vila Real is situated on the steep slopes above the confluence of the Corgo and Cabril Rivers and between mountain ranges. A university town, it was originally established in the 13th century by King Denis.

The Avenida Carvalho Araujo is the city’s main boulevard which crosses its historic center. The city’s main buildings are located there – the 19th century City Hall, the current tourist office which is housed in Casa do Arco, a lovely 16th century house with Manueline windows, and the 15th century Gothic cathedral, the Igreja de Sao Pedro, which had been part of a Dominican monastery. Its exceptional ceiling is made of carved, golden wood and it features 18th century hand-painted tiles (Azulejos) and a stunning Baroque façade. There are also many stately homes of noble families, with traditional wrought iron balconies and still bearing their family coats-of-arms, which can be seen along the street. Notably, the home of the famous explorer, Diogo Cao still remains. There is also a waterfront boulevard with great views. Vila Real was a popular area for country homes, most notably the Palacio do Mateus, the Portuguese royal family’s vacation home during the 16th and 17th centuries. Located a short distance from Vila real, it has a stunning Baroque façade and ornate stairway and is adorned with rooftop statues and a spectacular garden. The palace is open to tours and is also a venue for concerts and other cultural events. Vila Real is also known for its port wine trade, and is situated close to the Parque Natural da Serra do Alvao, a beautiful nature reserve featuring high, rocky mountains, spectacular waterfalls, and green valleys.

About Porto

Porto, the second largest city in Portugal, is an ancient city, yet one that is young and vibrant in spirit. A coastal city located on the northern bank of the mouth of the Douro River, it is home to historical sites - baroque churches, bell towers rising over the city, magnificent Art Nouveau style buildings, and narrow alleys studded with bookstores and antiques- as well as a vibrant night life, great shopping, cafes, excellent restaurants, and the Port lodges which feature the outstanding local Port wines. Porto is also known for its laid-back vibe and its beauty - charming homes along the banks of the river, romantic spots, and picturesque bridges which connect its two sides.

Portugal derives its name from the city of Porto. Originally a Celtic hamlet called Cale, the Romans added the port and established a settlement on both sides of the river, naming it “Portus Cale” which eventually became Portucale and gave the name not only to the city, but to the nation of Portugal. The Moors ruled briefly during the city’s early times, but Porto came under Christian domination in 1092. Porto became an important port city in the 14th century, and, during the early 19th century, it came under British rule during the Peninsular War. Grapes have been grown in Portugal since ancient times, and the Romans, who inhabited the area for over 500 years, starting from the 2nd century BC, planted vineyards and made wine on the Douro River. During the era of Portugal’s prosperity, after the establishment of its kingdom in 1143, wine became an important export. Port wines started to be produced and exported later- in the 2nd half of the 17th century. Ribreira (riverside) Square is Porto's oldest district, and it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. Located on the river bank, the old town is a maze of narrow, winding alleys dotted with cafes, workshops, and small shops with elegant, Art Nouveau style facades. There are beautiful squares which are popular meeting places for the "tripeiros" – the name given to the residents of Porto. The facades of the old merchants' houses facing the river are painted in many colors, and the many restaurants and cafes along the river are popular with both locals and tourists. You can cross the river on a rabelo boat along the promenade – one of the colorful boats that had been used to transport port wine down the river and now serve as pleasure boats. Other Porto highlights include the 14th century São Francisco Church, with its lavish baroque interior and ornate gilded carvings, and the palatial 19th-century Palácio de Bolsa, formerly a stock exchange, which was built to impress potential European investors. The Clerigos Tower is an ornate bell tower which rises above the city and has become a city icon. It offers panoramic views of the city, which are well-worth the 225 step climb up! The Sao Bento train station, with its entrance hall composed of 2000 decorative ceramic tiles, recounts highlights from Portugal’s history, the royal dynasty, wars, and the development of transportation. The tiles, painted blue and white, are spectacular. Located on the ruins of a 16th century Benedictine monastery, this is one of the most beautiful train stations in the world. Avenida Los Aliados, a spacious boulevard and the beating heart of the city, is lined with busy cafes and impressive public buildings. With the growth of Porto as a financial center in the late 19th century, this area was transformed, and its buildings reflect the influence of the Parisian architects who arrived in the city at the time. The City Hall, in particular, is one of the most magnificent buildings on the boulevard. The 12th century Se Do Porto Cathedral is built on a hill in the historic center of the city. This Romanesque monument is one of the city’s oldest. The Church of San Francisco Igreja De Sao Francisco, known as the 18th century baroque sailors' church, is one of the most spectacular in Portugal. Though its origins are Romanesque, it was transformed with Gothic architecture and elements of the Baroque style. Porto’s main shopping street, Rua Santa Catarina, is lined with boutiques, international brands, and a lively, young atmosphere. You’ll find trendy cafes, including the legendary Majestic, which opened in 1921, and boasts impressive Art Nouveau design, mirrors, and sculptures – and a star-studded patron list. Another city highlight is the gorgeous Lello Bookstore, one of the most outstanding bookstores in Europe. More than a century old, the bookstore boasts Art Nouveau facade and a neo-Gothic interior design with carved wooden walls, stained glass windows, and a magnificent red staircase. Thinking of Hogwarts? Lello is said to have served as the inspiration for it. (JK Rowling had once lived in Porto!) Near the center of the city is a park called Crystal Palace. Though the original Crystal Palace, built in 1865, no longer remains, the park is home to magnificent gardens, charming architecture, fountains, a wonderful view of the river, and a modern public library. Porto’s exceptional Museum of Modern Art, known as the Serralves Museum, is the foremost museum of its kind in Portugal. It is located on the grounds of the Serralves Estate, which also includes a park and a villa. Porto is a vibrant cultural city. It embodies a combination of the old and new, impressive history and avant-garde urban renewal – in short, a popular destination with its lively nightlife, outstanding wine culture, and breathtaking beauty!

About Coimbra

Coimbra, a historic riverfront city, was Portugal’s capital between the 12th and 13th centuries. It has a well-preserved medieval town, and its character is largely influenced by its world renowned academic institution, the University of Coimbra, one of the oldest universities in the world and the oldest and most prestigious in Portugal.

The university, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, had been founded in 1290 in Lisbon but was moved to Coimbra in 1537, attracting an influx of Spanish, Italian, and French artists and intellectuals. The Academy of Art and Sculpture which was established as a result of the influx left an important imprint on the country’s artistic development. The original university is located at the top of the Alta, a steep hill above the city, and it is a cluster of impressive 16th-18th century buildings which are built around a spacious square. The statue of King Joao III stands in the center of the square, and the iconic 17th century Paco das Escolas tower houses the clock and bells that play an important role in academic life. The university includes several outstanding buildings: the Chapel of Sao Miguel is known for its Manueline adornments, painted tiles, and baroque organ; the Sala dos Capelos hall is where the most noteworthy ceremonies are held; and the highlight – the famed 18th century baroque Joanine Library- is one of the largest and richest in Europe with over 300,000 books, including 5000 manuscripts, some of which date back to the 12th century. The new city of Coimbra, known as Biyasha (meaning “bottom”) is sprawled at the foot of the hill and along the river, and, with time, the university has expanded into the new urban areas. Its modern buildings attract many visitors, as well. Other notable historic landmarks in Coimbra exhibiting the splendor of Romanesque art include the Monastery of Santa Cruz in which the first King of Portugal, Alfonso Henriques, is buried; the 14th century Monastery of Santa Clara-a-Velha; and the Se Velha, the old Cathedral of Coimbra, which is considered to be one of the most beautiful examples of Romanesque architecture in Portugal. The Machado de Castro National Museum has important collections related to the history of the city, including Roman architecture. The city is also home to beautiful gardens – Choupal, Quinta das Lagrimas, and the Botanical Gardens are popular sites. Coimbra’s 25,000 students contribute to the special atmosphere of the city, and their ceremonies throughout the year are festive events which engage the whole city. The most well known is the colorful Quema Das Fitas, the ritual burning of the colored ribbons of each faculty, which celebrates the end of academic coursework. Coimbra hosts several other festivals, as well. The Festa da Rainha Santa Queen Festival is dedicated to Saint Isabella, and it is a spectacular candlelight procession which crosses the river and passes through the streets of the city. Festada Cidade involves folk music shows, folk dances, and fireworks, and the Arts Festival - Festival das Artes- includes cultural events, classical music concerts, jazz shows on river boats, culinary events by the best famous chefs, and city-wide celebrations. In short, Coimbra is a charming, lively city which is steeped in culture and history – a great destination on your trip to Portugal!

About Lisbon

A naturally beautiful city which is surrounded by and set on seven steep hills (though some say eight!), Lisbon overlooks the Tagus River, the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. Characterized by its laid-back atmosphere, Lisbon is known for vibrant culture, history, and architecture as well as for its picture-perfect panoramas.

Lisbon’s neighborhoods are comprised of steep, narrow streets which accommodate its hilly landscape, and the city’s old-world trams and cable elevators connect them. Today, Lisbon is a city of approximately 546,000 residents and is part of a metropolis which comprises close to 3 million inhabitants. Because of Lisbon’s strategic location, it has, historically, been an important seaport for trade between northern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea. Originally known as “Olisspo” after Ulysses, one of the heroes of Greek mythology, its name was changed to “El Lisbon” by the Muslims in the 8th century. In 1147, Lisbon was conquered by the Christians and, in 1255, was declared the Portuguese capital. Lisbon’s glory came in the 15th and 16th centuries when it was the center for discovery expeditions to the New World. The Manuelin style of architecture, named after King Manuel I who financed spice trade between India and Africa, developed during this period. A large earthquake in the mid-18th century destroyed most of the buildings from that time, though there are two remaining Manueline style structures - the iconic, 16th century Belem Tower (Torre de Belem), originally built on the edge of the river to protect the city, and the Jeronimos Monastery. The monastery, which was badly damaged from the earthquake but survived, is covered with white marble and stone carvings which glorify Portugal’s pioneering maritime discoveries. Inside, there are tombs and sculptures of kings and two of Portugal’s greatest heroes, Vasco de Gama, the explorer, and Luis de Camoish, Portugal’s national poet. Both structures are now UNESCO World Heritage sites. The medieval Castelo De Sao Jorge fortress stands at the top of Alfama hill, the largest of the city’s seven hills. The castle is built on 5th century Visigoth foundations as well as 9th century Moorish foundations. In the 12th century, after capturing the city from the Moors, Alfonso Enrique added to the structure. From the castle, there is a spectacular view of the city, the river, and the enormous suspension bridge, the Ponte 25 de Abril. Another famous look-out point which offers spectacular views is Edward VII Park, named after Britain’s monarch who visited the city in 1903. It is the largest park in Lisbon and extends uphill from Marques de Pombal Square to an open pavilion at the top. Alfama is the heart and soul of Lisbon - a neighborhood dating back to medieval times with a maze of cobbled alleys, hidden courtyards, charming squares, and houses with colorful tiles and iron-railed balconies. It is located at the foot of the castle and is a fun place for a stroll as well as to enjoy the city’s many fado restaurants which serve local specialties and offer fado-style music. The Terreiro do Paco (also known as Praca do Comercio), is located on the riverfront, and is known as one of the most important squares in Lisbon. It served as the royal palace for two centuries prior to being destroyed by the 1755 earthquake. Today, it is a pedestrian square from which you can reach the Tagus River. The Chiado and Bairro Alto districts are two archetypal Lisbon neighborhoods. Chiado is trendy with its celebrated cafes, bookshops, boutiques, and theaters, including Lisbon’s opera house. Bairro Alto is the center of the city’s nightlife with its many pubs, clubs, and bars. The LUX club is one of Lisbon’s most famed nightclubs and, with its total capacity of over 3000, has been a favorite spot of the rich and famous. Actor John Malkovich, who shot a movie in Portugal and fell in love with the club, is now a partial owner. The famous restaurant, Bica do Sapato (“the tip of the shoe”), is located adjacent to the club. Luis de Camoish Square, named after the national poet, connects the two districts. Avenida Da Liberdade, the "Portuguese Champs-Elysées,” is a wide boulevard with tall trees and dozens of statues lining it as well as an Egyptian pillar dedicated to Portugal’s independence. The business center of Lisbon, the street is also lined with hotels, banks, cinemas, and international brand stores. Further down the boulevard is Rossio Square with its statue of Dom Pedro IV (who was both the King of Portugal and the Emperor of Brazil) and 2 French- style fountains. Lisbon is home to world-class museums. The Museu Caloute Gulbenkain is located in a lush park and is one of the city’s gems. Much of the museum’s collection came from a wealthy Armenian oil magnate, Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian, who endowed his vast, outstanding private art collection to Portugal before he died in 1955. The National Museum of Ancient Art is Portugal’s national gallery which houses a large collection of 15th and 16th century paintings, as well as Oriental, European, and African art. The National Tile Museum, Museu Nacional do Azulejo, houses a unique collection of decorative tiles, known as azulejos, and it traces tile-making from its Moorish and Spanish influences through the rise of Portugal’s unique style. The MAAT - Museum of Art, Architecture, and Technology - which is housed in a converted power station on the waterfront, is an outstanding new cultural center in Lisbon. The 12th century Lisbon Cathedral, located near the Alfama district, is Lisbon’s oldest and most famous church. Originally a Romanesque cathedral, the structure was destroyed in the earthquake and today it blends architectural styles. Its two bell towers are a beautiful part of the city’s skyline. The Padrão dos Descobrimentos, the Monument of the Discoveries, is located on the banks of the Tagus River estuary– the place from which ships departed for maritime discovery voyages. Designed by 2 Portuguese architects, it is a massive structure in the shape of the prow of a ship which celebrates the Portuguese explorers who established the country’s seafaring prominence. In the interior of the 170-foot high tower, there is an exhibition about the history of Lisbon, and the monument’s viewing platform offers spectacular views. The 1988 World’s Fair Expo was held in Lisbon, and the entire eastern part along the river was renovated and became a showcase for the city’s new and modern architecture. There is a new complex called Park of the Nations (Parquet das Nacoes) which includes the Oriente train station and the Vasco de Gama shopping mall. There are two large towers designed as a giant sail, and the Oceanarium is a huge, popular aquarium with over 8000 sea animals. A train transports visitors between attractions. The village of Sintra is a 30 minute train ride from Lisbon and is a not-to-be-missed day trip. Sintra was a royal resort, and it is home to extraordinary palaces, a Moorish castle, a semi tropical garden, and scenic views. With its combination of captivating tradition and modern touches, Lisbon is a popular destination – and city that many tourists long to return to!

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